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White Rabbit
Commit 27385ff6 authored by Javier Serrano's avatar Javier Serrano
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Slides for HighLO meeting

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presentations/WR_Javier_HighLO_2023/Makefile 0 → 100644
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all : wr_highlo_2023_03.pdf
.PHONY : all clean
wr_highlo_2023_03.pdf : wr_highlo_2023_03.tex
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rm -f *.eps *.pdf *.dat *.log *.out *.aux *.dvi *.ps *.nav *.snm *.toc *.vrb *~
presentations/WR_Javier_HighLO_2023/wr_highlo_2023_03.tex 0 → 100644
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\documentclass[compress, red]{beamer}
\mode<presentation>
\usepackage{etex}
\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
%\usepackage{pgfpages}
%\usepackage{listings}
\usetheme{Warsaw}
% define your own colors:
\definecolor{Red}{rgb}{1,0,0}
\definecolor{Blue}{rgb}{0,0,1}
\definecolor{Green}{rgb}{0,1,0}
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\xdefinecolor{olive}{cmyk}{0.64,0,0.95,0.4}
\xdefinecolor{purpleish}{cmyk}{0.75,0.75,0,0}
\useoutertheme[subsection=false]{smoothbars}
% include packages
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[all]{xy}
%\xyoption{arc}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{multimedia}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{helvet}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\newcommand{\backupbegin}{
\newcounter{framenumberappendix}
\setcounter{framenumberappendix}{\value{framenumber}}
}
\newcommand{\backupend}{
\addtocounter{framenumberappendix}{-\value{framenumber}}
\addtocounter{framenumber}{\value{framenumberappendix}}
}
\graphicspath{ {../../figures/} }
\usepackage[font=small,skip=0pt]{caption}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty,labelsep=none}
%\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{5pt plus 3pt minus 2pt}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Title Page Info %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\title[White
Rabbit \hspace{18em}\insertframenumber/\inserttotalframenumber]{A Quick Introduction
to White Rabbit}
% \subtitle{And some notes on GMT and BST}
% \author[CERN\hspace{17em} Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski]{Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski}
% \author[European Organization for Nuclear Research $\mid$ Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski]{Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski}
% \author[Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski $\mid$ European Organization for Nuclear Research]{Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski}
\author[Javier Serrano $\mid$ CERN BE-CEM-EDL]{Javier Serrano}
\institute{European Organisation for Nuclear Research\\(CERN)}
\date[15 March 2023]{International Expert Group on Market Surveillance\\kick-off meeting \vspace{0.5cm}\\15 March 2023}
\AtBeginSection[]
{
\begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline}
\tableofcontents[currentsection]
\end{frame}
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Begin Your Document %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
%\setbeamertemplate{caption}{\raggedright\insertcaption\par}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\frame{\titlepage}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
\section[Why]{The need for synchronisation}
\subsection{}
%=======================
\begin{frame}{Why we need good synchronisation at CERN}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/synchrotron.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO)}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{applications/lhaaso.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{applications/cta.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT)}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{applications/KM3NeT.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{And of course also outside Physics}
\begin{block}{Some examples}
\begin{itemize}
\item Telecom
\item Electric power companies
\item Finance (time-stamping of transactions)
\begin{itemize}
\item to comply with the law (MiFID II)
\item as a service to customers of e.g. a stock exchange
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\section[How]{A quick primer on synchronisation solutions}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{misc/GPS_Satellite_NASA_art-iif.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{GNSS jamming and spoofing}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{misc/gps_spoofing.png}
\end{center}
\tiny Courtesy J.M. Friedt
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588)}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.4\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[height=5cm]{protocol/ptp_exchange-enhanced.jpg}
\includegraphics<2->[height=4cm]{protocol/ptpNetwork.jpg}
\end{center}
\column{.75\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Frame-based synchronisation protocol
\item Simple calculations:
\begin{itemize}
\item link delay: $\delta_{ms} = \frac{(t_{4}-t_{1}) - (t_{3}-t_{2})}{2}$
\item offset from master: $OFM = t_{2} - (t_{1} + \delta_{ms})$
\end{itemize}
\item<2-> Hierarchical network
\item<3-> Shortcomings of traditional PTP:
\begin{itemize}
\item devices have free-running oscillators
\item frequency drift compensation traffic can compromise determinism of
other messages
\item assumes symmetry of medium
\item resolution of timestamps
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\section{White Rabbit}
\subsection{}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{What is White Rabbit?}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.65\textwidth}
\footnotesize
% \textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
\begin{itemize}
\item Initially meant for Big Physics facilities/projects: CERN,
GSI, Nikhef\ldots
\item \textbf{Based on well-established standards}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Ethernet \textcolor{gray}{(IEEE 802.3)}
\item Bridged Local Area Network \textcolor{gray}{(IEEE 802.1Q)}
\item Precision Time Protocol \textcolor{gray}{(IEEE 1588)}
\end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Extends standards} to meet new requirements and provides
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \color{blue}{Sub-ns synchronisation}
\item \color{blue}{Deterministic data transfer}
\end{itemize}
\item Initial specs: links $\leq$10~km \& $\leq$2000 nodes
% \item<7-> Initial network specification:
% \begin{itemize}\scriptsize
% \item Fiber links length: $\leq$10~km
% \item Number of nodes: $\leq$2000
% \end{itemize}
\item \textbf{Open Source and commercially available}
% \item<9-> Many users worldwide, inc. metrology labs...
\end{itemize}
% \textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
% \textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
\textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
\column{0.55\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro_without_10km.pdf}
% \includegraphics<3>[width=0.85\textwidth]{misc/LAN.jpg}
% \includegraphics<4>[width=0.8\textwidth]{misc/ieee-1588-ptp-example.jpg}
% \includegraphics<5>[width=1.0\textwidth]{network/WR_network-ethernet.pdf}
% \includegraphics<6->[width=1.0\textwidth]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro-v2.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{columns}%\small\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause
% \url{https://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/}
\end{frame}
%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% \begin{frame}{Open \textbf{and} commercially available off-the-shelf}
%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{misc/WR-zoo.jpg}\vspace{-1cm}
%% \begin{center}
%% \small
%% \textbf{Companies selling White Rabbit:} \url{www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/wrcompanies}
%% \end{center}
%% \end{frame}
%% \section{Technology}
%% \subsection{}
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit technology - sub-ns synchronisation}
\begin{block}{Based on}
\begin{itemize}
\item IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol on Gigabit Ethernet over fibre
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Enhanced with}
\begin{itemize}
\item Layer 1 syntonisation
\item Digital Dual Mixer Time Difference (DDMTD)
\item Link delay model
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Layer 1 Syntonisation}
%\begin{block}{Common clock for the entire network}
\begin{itemize}\small
\item Clock is encoded in the Ethernet carrier and recovered by the receiver chip
\item All network devices use the same physical layer clock
\item Clock loopback allows phase detection to enhance precision of timestamps
% \item Phase detection allows sub-ns delay measurement
\end{itemize}
%\end{block}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[height=5cm]{misc/synce_v3.pdf}
% \includegraphics[height=4.5cm]<2>{p1588/1588-ha-L1vsPTP-simplified.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Digital Dual Mixer Time Difference (DDMTD)}
\begin{itemize}
\item Precise phase measurements in FPGA
\item WR parameters:
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item $clk_{in}~~~~~~~~=62.5$~MHz
\item $clk_{DDMTD}=62.496185$~MHz (N=14)
\item $clk_{out}~~~~~~=~~3.814$~kHz
\end{itemize}
\item Theoretical resolution of 0.977~ps
\end{itemize}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/ddmtd_3.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}{SoftPLL}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{protocol/dmpll_diagram-slides.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Link delay model}
\begin{columns}
\column{.65\textwidth}
\footnotesize
\begin{itemize}
\item <1->Correction of Round Trip Time (RTT) for asymmetries
\item <2->Asymmetry sources: FPGA, PCB, electrical/optical conversion,
chromatic dispersion
\item <3->Link delay model:
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \textbf{Fixed delays} -- calibrated/measured
\item \textbf{Variable delays} -- evaluated online with:\vspace{0.1cm} $\alpha = \frac{\nu_g(\lambda_s)}{\nu_g(\lambda_m)} -1 = \frac{\delta_{ms} - \delta_{sm}}{\delta_{sm}}$
\end{itemize}
\item <4-> Accurate offset from master (OFM):\scriptsize \\\vspace{0.2cm}
% $RTT=(t_{4}-t_{1}) - (t_{3}-t_{2})$\\
$\delta_{ms}~ = \frac{1 + \alpha}{2 + \alpha} \, (RTT - \sum \Delta - \sum \epsilon)$\vspace{0.2cm}
$OFM = t_{2} - (t_{1} + \delta_{ms} + \Delta_{txm} + \Delta_{rxs} + \epsilon_S)$
\end{itemize}
\column{.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-1.jpg}
\includegraphics<2>[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-2.jpg}
\includegraphics<3->[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-3.jpg}\\\pause\pause\pause
%\tiny See: \textit{WR Calibration} [9]
\end{center}
\end{columns}
% \pause\pause\pause\pause
% \scriptsize See: \textit{WR Calibration}, version 1.1, G.Daniluk
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{WR in finance}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Two applications}
\begin{block}{Complement GPS}
\begin{itemize}
\item Madrid stock exchange. See {\tiny \textcolor{blue}{\href{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/7d58200a0748b808e06e4f1437274e2d/TOWR_prez_WR-workshop-2018.pptx}{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/7d58200a0748b808e06e4f1437274e2d/TOWR\_prez\_WR-workshop-2018.pptx}}}.
\item Financial district in Milan
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\begin{block}{As a service for clients of stock exchange}
Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse). See {\tiny \textcolor{blue}{\href{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/e1eea68f6430263095f0f8261cf1b0b8/wr-in-finance-20181006.pptx}{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/e1eea68f6430263095f0f8261cf1b0b8/wr-in-finance-20181006.pptx}}}.
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Security in IEEE 1588 (not implemented in WR)}
\begin{block}{Four-pronged approach}
\begin{itemize}
\item Secure channel (MACsec, IPsec)
\item Encrypting over non-secure channel (using private keys)
\item Sanity checks
\item Support for multiple sources of time
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\section{Summary}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Summary}
\begin{itemize}
\item A versatile, standards-based solution for sub-nanosecond
synchronisation
\item Used in Physics and beyond, including finance
\item Fully open source (hardware, gateware, firmware, software): good
playground for experimentation
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
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