Commit af943bac authored by gilsoriano's avatar gilsoriano

doc/ is clean now. Documentation is up-to-date.

parent 46072518
......@@ -15,28 +15,25 @@
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Panels}{2}{section.2}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Daisy-chain: Option A}}{4}{figure.3}}
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\citation{StandardBlocking}
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\bibstyle{unsrt}
\bibdata{Functional}
\bibcite{StandardBlocking}{1}
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\citation{HeinzeReport}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Boards and compatibility}{1}{section.1}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}Repetitors and Blocking Generators}{1}{subsection.1.1}}
\citation{HeinzeLAPF}
\citation{ClaudeDoc}
\citation{CTDACSchematics}
\citation{2222AFairchild}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2}Receivers}{2}{subsection.1.2}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3}Uses of boards}{2}{subsection.1.3}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Standard Blocking Output Signal Definition}{3}{section.2}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Criteria}{3}{subsection.2.1}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}Target use}{3}{subsection.2.2}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Repetitor Boards}{3}{subsubsection.2.2.1}}
\bibstyle{unsrt}
\bibdata{BlockingSpecification.bib}
\bibcite{HeinzeReport}{1}
\bibcite{HeinzeLAPF}{2}
\bibcite{ClaudeDoc}{3}
\bibcite{CTDACSchematics}{4}
\bibcite{2222AFairchild}{5}
@UNPUBLISHED{BlockingDoc,
title= {{A Triggered Monostable Blocking Oscillator for CTDAH}},
note= "CERN, BE-CO-HT",
author= "C. Gil Soriano",
month= aug,
year= 2011 }
@UNPUBLISHED{FlybackDoc,
title= {{Flyback Circuit for CTDAH board}},
note= "CERN, BE-CO-HT",
author= "C. Gil Soriano",
month= sep,
year= 2011 }
@misc{HeinzeReport,
author= "W. Heinze",
title= {{Adapting TTL to Blocking Level with 3U Cards}},
......@@ -38,3 +24,22 @@ month= feb,
year= 1987
}
@misc{CTDACSchematics,
title= {{CTDAC schematics}},
howpublished= "CERN, TS-DEM",
author= "P. Nouchi",
month= may,
year= 2007,
note = "{\url{https://edms.cern.ch/file/842138/1/EDA-01632-V1-0_sch.pdf}}"
}
@misc{2222AFairchild,
title= {{2222A Fairchild Semiconductors Datasheet}},
author= "Fairchild Semiconductors",
month= aug,
year= 2010,
note = "{\url{www.fairchildsemi.com/ds/PN/PN2222A.pdf}}"
}
%%This is a very basic article template.
%%There is just one section and two subsections.
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,titlepage]{article}
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage[pdfborder= 0 0 0 1]{hyperref}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\author{Carlos Gil Soriano\\BE-CO-HT\\
\href{mailto:carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}{\textbf{\textit{carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}}}}
\title{\textbf{{\LARGE Standard Blocking Output Signal Definition for CTDAH
board}}}
\date{\today}
\begin{document}
\pagenumbering{roman}
\maketitle{}
\pagebreak
\setcounter{page}{2}
\pagestyle{empty}
\title{\textbf{{\LARGE Standard Blocking Output Signal Definition for CTDAH board}}}
\author{Carlos Gil Soriano\\BE-CO-HT\\
\href{mailto:carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}{\textbf{\textit{carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}}}}
\date{February 23, 2012}
\maketitle
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25, keepaspectratio]{Figures/CERN-Logo.png}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\paragraph{System Description and Purpose}
\begin{abstract}
The aim of this document is defining the Standard Blocking Output Signal of the Pulse
Converter Unit. This shape is compatible with previous versions, depending
upon its use.
upon its use.\\
\pagebreak
{\Large \textbf{History of changes}}\\
\textbf{History of changes}\\
This document version has been checked by:\\
This document version has been approved by:\\
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|p{3.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{5cm}|}
\begin{tabular}{|p{3cm}|p{1.5cm}|p{5cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Date} & \textbf{Pages} & \textbf{Changes}\\
\hline
\hline
September 19, 2011& All & Initial submission\\
\hline
\today& All& Scope reduced to Standard Blocking Output Signal definition\\
\hline
&&\\
\hline
&&\\
\hline
&&\\
September 21, 2011& All& Scope reduced to Standard Blocking Output Signal
definition\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{abstract}
\pagebreak
\pagenumbering{roman}
\setcounter{page}{2}
\pagestyle{empty}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\tableofcontents
\pagebreak
......@@ -63,15 +61,16 @@ This document version has been approved by:\\
\setcounter{page}{1}
\section{Boards and compatibility}
\subsection{Repetitors and Blocking Generators}
Five Pulse Conversion boards outputting the so-called ''Blocking'' pulse
are known to be working at CERN. Three of them were reported and studied by W.
Heinze \cite{HeinzeReport}:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Level Converter}\\
\item \textbf{Level Converter -LA boards-}\\
Due to the VAC transformer ZKB 407/115, the output level is 35 V or 18 V
depending on the applied voltage to the A30 pin in the 96 pin DIN connector.
The length of the pulse is 1 $\mu{}s$.
depending on the applied voltage to the A30 pin in the 96 pin DIN connector
--either 24 V for the 35 V output or 12 V for the 18 V one. The length of the
pulse is 1 $\mu{}s$.
\item \textbf{LAPF-TTL-BLO}\\
This board was used to provide 4 $\mu{}s$ pulses to SAC and LAF boards. For
......@@ -82,16 +81,21 @@ Heinze \cite{HeinzeReport}:
\item \textbf{LASB-TTL-BLO}\\
It uses a VAC 409/27 transformer. It outputs a pulse with a high level of
either 23V or 11V depending upon the voltage supplied to the A30 pin in the 96
pin DIN connector.
pin DIN connector --24 V or 12 V, respectivelly.
\end{itemize}
Apart from these three boards, two more are
actually running in CERN facilities: an 8 channel repeater and a 16 channel one.
Both Channel Repeaters underpings in the same electrical circuit to output the
signal. They both have an output level that ranges from 30V to 24V, because it
is dependent of the power supply provided. The length of the pulses ranges from
1.2 $\mu{}s$ to 1.4 $\mu{}s$.
actually running in CERN facilities: an 8 Channel Repeater and a 16 channel one.
Both Channel Repeater boards use the same subcircuit in every channel to
output the signal. The main differences between them lie in the power supply
they use and the daisy-chain connector included in the 8 channel version. Thanks
to the daisy-channel two boards can copy the same input by means of a short
interconnecting cable.\\
The output level is 24V for the 8 Channel Repeater and
30V for the 16 channel version. This is due to the use of different power
supplies because of different stocks when they were made. The length of the
pulses ranges from 1.2 $\mu{}s$ to 1.4 $\mu{}s$.
The table below summarizes the information of the repetitors systems:
\begin{center}
......@@ -103,12 +107,12 @@ Signal}}\\
&&Level&Pulse width\\
\hline
& TTL & & \\
8 Channel Repeater & inverted-TTL & 24V or 30V & [1.2 $\mu${}$s$,
8 Channel Repeater & inverted-TTL & 24V & [1.2 $\mu${}$s$,
1.4 $\mu${}$s$]\\ & 10V to 30V & & \\
\hline
\hline
& TTL &&\\
16 Channel Repeater & inverted-TTL & 24V or 30V & [1.2 $\mu{}s$, 1.4
16 Channel Repeater & inverted-TTL & 30V & [1.2 $\mu{}s$, 1.4
$\mu{}s$]\\ & 10V to 30V& & \\
\hline
\hline
......@@ -128,10 +132,21 @@ Level Adapter & TTL & 18V or 35V & 1$\mu{}s$\\
None of the boards specify the design value of the rise time. Only the trailing
edge is reported for LAPF when the circuit is unloaded \cite{HeinzeLAPF}: 0.3
$ms$. Measurements on both 8 and 16 Channel Repeater show a worst rise time
$ms$. Measurements on both 8 and 16 Channel Repeater show a worst-case rise time
of 100 $\mu{}s$ and a fall time of 400 $\mu{}s$ when the outputs are loaded with
50 $\Omega$.
\subsection{Receivers}
Three boards are reported to be Blocking pulse receivers in CERN facilities:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{LA-BLO-TTL, LAF-BLO-TTL, CTDAC}\\
By reading the schematics \cite{ClaudeDoc} \cite{CTDACSchematics}, an input
threshold detection around 4.5 V can be inferred from the input net consisting of the 10
$K\Omega$, 1.5 $K\Omega$ and the 2N2222A NPN switching transistor --$V_{BE}$
should be around 0.6 V by \cite{2222AFairchild}.\\It is not documented the
reason why this input value threshold is set.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Uses of boards}
The boards are used as:
\begin{itemize}
......@@ -158,8 +173,9 @@ existing boards so as to avoid interoperability failure.}
\textit{Standard Blocking signals are intended to be used in repetitors.}
\end{center}
\begin{tabular}{p{12cm}}
\rowcolor{yellow}{ \textbf{NOTE}: The Standard Blocking signal is not compatible
with wide pulses from LAPF-TTL-BLO boards.}
\rowcolor{yellow}{ \textbf{NOTE}: Due to the fact that just a few boards -5
or less- need a LAPF-TTL-BLO-like shaped pulse, the Standard Blocking signal is
not compatible with wide pulses from LAPF-TTL-BLO boards.}
\end{tabular}
......@@ -186,7 +202,7 @@ $t_{P_{max}}$&\textit{Maximum pulse width} & 2 $\mu{}s$\\
$t_{r}$&\textit{Rise time} & 150 $ns$ $\pm$ 75 $ns$\\
\hline
\hline
$t_{f}$&\textit{Fall time} & 350 $ns$ $\pm$ 75 $ns$\\
$t_{f}$&\textit{Fall time} & 150 $ns$ $\pm$ 75 $ns$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
......@@ -196,5 +212,5 @@ $t_{f}$&\textit{Fall time} & 350 $ns$ $\pm$ 75 $ns$\\
\pagebreak
\bibliographystyle{unsrt}
\bibliography{BlockingSpecification}
\bibliography{BlockingSpecification.bib}
\end{document}
......@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
\global \let \hyper@last\relax
\fi
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{System Description and Purpose}{ii}{section*.1}}
\citation{StandardBlocking}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{System Description and Purpose}{ii}{section*.1}}
\citation{StantonBook}
\citation{MillmanBook}
\citation{LinvillBook}
......
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,titlepage]{article}
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage[pdfborder= 0 0 0 1]{hyperref}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\author{Carlos Gil Soriano\\BE-CO-HT\\
\href{mailto:carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}{\textbf{\textit{carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}}}}
\title{\textbf{{\LARGE A Triggered Monostable Blocking Oscillator for CTDAH}}}
\date{\today}
\begin{document}
\pagenumbering{roman}
\maketitle{}
\pagebreak
\setcounter{page}{2}
\pagestyle{empty}
\paragraph{System Description and Purpose}
This documents exposes how to design a Monostable Blocking Oscillator to be used
in CTDAH.
A blocking oscillator offers an easy, and low-cost way of obtaining a sharp
pulse of fixed width.\\
By following the instructions given here, an \textit{optimal} Monostable
Blocking Oscillator can be built.
\begin{document}
\pagebreak
\title{\textbf{{\LARGE A Triggered Monostable Blocking Oscillator\\\Large Used in
legacy \textit{Channel Repeaters}}}}
\author{Carlos Gil Soriano\\BE-CO-HT\\
\href{mailto:carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}{\textbf{\textit{carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}}}}
\date{August 21, 2012}
\maketitle
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25, keepaspectratio]{Figures/CERN-Logo.png}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\pagebreak
\begin{abstract}
Along this document, a complete description of the previous generation of
repetitors is offered. It allows the designer to better understand the
requirementes for good interoperability between the different types of
repetitors.\\
{\Large \textbf{History of changes}}\\
\textbf{History of changes}\\
This document version has been checked by:\\
This document version has been approved by:\\
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|p{3.5cm}|p{2cm}|p{5.5cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Date} & \textbf{Pages} & \textbf{Changes}\\
\begin{tabular}{|p{3cm}|p{1.5cm}|p{5cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Date} & \textbf{Pages} & \textbf{Changes}\\
\hline
August 30, 2011& All & Initial submission\\
\hline
September 21, 2011 & All & Deleted pulse definition chapter. Moved to
Standard Blocking Definition Document \cite{StandardBlocking}\\
August 30, 2011 & All & Initial submission\\
\hline
&&\\
September 21, 2011 & All & Deleted pulse definition chapter.\\
& & Moved to Standard Blocking Definition Document \cite{StandardBlocking}\\
\hline
&&\\
\hline
&&\\
August 21, 2012 & All & Minor changes in the title page.\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{abstract}
\pagenumbering{roman}
\maketitle{}
\pagebreak
\setcounter{page}{2}
\pagestyle{empty}
\paragraph{System Description and Purpose}
This documents exposes how to design a Monostable Blocking Oscillator used in
old \textit{Channel Repetitor} boards.
A blocking oscillator offers an easy, and low-cost way of obtaining a sharp
pulse of fixed width.\\
By following the instructions given here, an \textit{optimal} Monostable
Blocking Oscillator can be built.
\pagebreak
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
......@@ -97,7 +107,7 @@ the later has a base-collector feedback.
option compared to Circuit 2.\\
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3, keepaspectratio]{LinvillCircuit.png}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3, keepaspectratio]{Figures/LinvillCircuit.png}
\caption{Linvill's circuit, taken from \cite{LinvillIREPaper}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
......@@ -109,7 +119,7 @@ the later has a base-collector feedback.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25, keepaspectratio]{NormanCircuit.png}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25, keepaspectratio]{Figures/NormanCircuit.png}
\caption{Norman's circuit, taken from \cite{NormanIEEPaper}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
......@@ -119,7 +129,7 @@ the later has a base-collector feedback.
as independent from the input as Circuit 2.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25, keepaspectratio]{MillmanCircuit.png}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25, keepaspectratio]{Figures/MillmanCircuit.png}
\caption{Millman's circuit, taken from \cite{MillmanBook}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
......@@ -134,7 +144,7 @@ how the normalized natural frequency of the circuit is gotten.
\\
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.6, keepaspectratio]{blockingStates.png}
\includegraphics[scale=0.6, keepaspectratio]{Figures/blockingStates.png}
\caption{States and equivalent circuits}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
......@@ -151,7 +161,7 @@ rise time will be achived an no ringing will be obtained, ideally.
\\
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3, keepaspectratio]{swCircuit.png}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3, keepaspectratio]{Figures/swCircuit.png}
\caption{Eq. circuit B: switching}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
......@@ -225,7 +235,7 @@ the designer is able to chose the \textit{pulse width}.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33, keepaspectratio]{ONstate}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33, keepaspectratio]{Figures/ONstate}
\caption{Eq. circuit A: on-state}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
......@@ -263,7 +273,7 @@ the \textit{magnetizing inductor} through the snubber consisting of the
removed, a new triggering can be faced by the monostable oscillator.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33, keepaspectratio]{OFFstate}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33, keepaspectratio]{Figures/OFFstate}
\caption{Eq. circuit C: of{}f-state}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
......@@ -321,7 +331,7 @@ but must comply with:
\begin{equation}
R_{snubber} < R_{c}
\end{equation}
for avoid overdamping
for avoid overdamping.
\end{description}
\pagebreak
......
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%%This is a very basic article template.
%%There is just one section and two subsections.
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,titlepage]{article}
\usepackage[pdfborder= 0 0 0 1]{hyperref}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\author{Carlos Gil Soriano\\BE-CO-HT\\
\href{mailto:carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}{\textbf{\textit{carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}}}}
\title{\textbf{{\LARGE Blocking Output Shape for CTDAH board}}}
\date{\today}
\begin{document}
\pagenumbering{roman}
\maketitle{}
\pagebreak
\setcounter{page}{2}
\pagestyle{empty}
\paragraph{System Description and Purpose}
The aim of this document is defining the Blocking output shape of the Pulse
Converter Unit. This shape is compatible with previous versions, depending
upon its use.
\pagebreak
{\Large \textbf{History of changes}}\\
This document version has been checked by:\\
This document version has been approved by:\\
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|p{3.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{5cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Date} & \textbf{Pages} & \textbf{Changes}\\
\hline
\hline
\today & All & Initial submission\\
\hline
&&\\
\hline
&&\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\pagebreak
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\section{Boards and compatibility}
Five Pulse Conversion boards from TTL and inverted-TTL -a.k.a. /TTL- to Blocking
are known be working at CERN. Three of them were reported and studied by W. Heinze
\cite{HeinzeReport}\footnote{In this document $t_P$ of the Level Adapter is said
to be the same as the input signal. This is wrong, as it is fixed at 1
$\mu{}s$ \cite{ClaudeDoc}.}. Apart from these three boards, two more are
actually running in CERN facilities: an 8 channel repeater and a 16 channel one.
The table below shows the main parameters of the repetitors:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Board} & \textbf{Input Level} & \textbf{Output Level}\\
\hline
& TTL &\\
8 Channel Repeater & inverted-TTL & high level: 24V or 30V\\
& high level: 10V to 30V & $t_P$ $\in$ [1.2 $\mu${}$s$, 1.4 $\mu${}$s$]\\
\hline
\hline
& TTL &\\
16 Channel Repeater & inverted-TTL & high level: 24V or 30V\\
& high level: 10V to 30V& $t_P$ $\in$ [1.2 $\mu{}s$, 1.4 $\mu{}s$]\\
\hline
\hline
LASB-TTL-BLO & TTL &high level: 11V or 23V\\
& inverted-TTL & $t_P$ $\approx$ 1.5 $\mu{}s$\\
\hline
\hline
& &high level: 18V or 35V\\
LAPF-TTL-BLO & TTL & $t_P$ $\geq$ 3.5 $\mu{}s$\\
& inverted-TTL & \textbf{SAC/LAF boards}\\
&& \textbf{requirement}\\
\hline
\hline
Level Adapter & TTL & high level: 18V or 35V\\
& inverted-TTL & $t_P$ = 1$\mu{}s$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
None of the boards specify the design value of the rise time. Only the trailing
edge is reported for LAPF when the circuit is unloaded \cite{HeinzeLAPF}: 0.3
$ms$. Measurements on both 8 and 16 Channel Repeater show a worst rise/fall time
of 120 $\mu{}s$ when the outputs are loaded with 50 \Omega.
\subsection{Uses of boards}
The boards are used as:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Repetitors}
The 8 and 16 Channel Repeaters, LASB and Level Adapter are used as repetitors.
\item \textbf{Control signal}
LAPF is intended to interface VME SAC/LAF boards.
\end{itemize}
\pagebreak
\section{Definition of Output shape: Blocking signal}
As it was shown in the previous section, a wide variety of output shapes are
running together. Two types of output shapes will be defined to set a reference
for the design of the new CTDAH board.
\subsection{Criteria}
The criteria employed to define the output shape is as follows:
\begin{center}
\textit{A board designed for a specific use should be backwards compatible with
existing boards so as to avoid interoperability failure.}
\end{center}
As two uses are reported, two specifications are defined.
\subsubsection{Repetitor Boards}
Both \textbf{8 and 16 channel repeaters} are underpinned in the same individual
channel repetitor circuit. This circuit can accept TTL, inverter-TTL and high level
pulses. The main limitation resides in the \textbf{high level of the input
pulse}: it must be \textbf{higher than 10V}.
To comply with previous designs, the definition for this kind of boards,
\textbf{loaded with 50 $\Omega{}$}, is as follows:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Parameter} & \textbf{Name} &\textbf{Value} \\
\hline
\hline
$v_{i,H}$ & High level & 24V \pm 1V\\
\hline
\hline
$t_{P_{min}}$&\textit{Minimum pulse width} & 1 $\mu{}s$\\
\hline
$t_{P}$&\textit{Typical pulse width} & 1.2 $\mu{}s$\\
\hline
$t_{P_{max}}$&\textit{Maximum pulse width} & 10 $\mu{}s$\\
\hline
\hline
$t_{r}$&\textit{Rise time} & 100 $ns$ \pm 50 $ns$\\
\hline
\hline
$t_{f}$&\textit{Fall time} & 100 $ns$ \pm 50 $ns$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\subsubsection{SAC/LAF interfacing boards}
If a board has to interface with a SAC or LAF board, a requirement of the pulse
width longer than 3.5 $\mu{}s$ exists:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Parameter} & \textbf{Name} &\textbf{Value} \\
\hline
\hline
$v_{i,H}$ & High level & 24V \pm 1V\\
\hline
\hline
$t_{P_{min}}$&\textit{Minimum pulse width} & 3.5 $\mu{}s$\\
\hline
$t_{P}$&\textit{Typical pulse width} & 4.5 $\mu{}s$\\
\hline
$t_{P_{max}}$&\textit{Maximum pulse width} & 10 $\mu{}s$\\
\hline
\hline
$t_{r}$&\textit{Rise time} & 200 $ns$ \pm 50 $ns$\\
\hline
\hline
$t_{f}$&\textit{Fall time} & 200 $ns$ \pm 50 $ns$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\pagebreak
\section{Circuit topology chosen}
The circuit topology must be able to be:
\begin{itemize}
\item Adjusted for use as Repetitor Board.
\item Adjusted for use as SAC/LAC interfacing Board.
\item Easily repairable.
\end{itemize}
Considering the three aspects, a monostable blocking oscillator is a worse
option than a flyback topology because of the following reasons:
\subsection{Ease of replacement}
Firstly, the blocking oscillator requires a three winding
transformer, that it is more difficult to replace and more expensive than the
1:1 flyback's one.
Secondly, for obtaining an optimal low-to-high edge of around one tenth of the
pulse rise \cite{BlockingDoc}, a specific turns-ratio transformer must be
used. This design requirement adds more difficulties in the task of choosing a
suitable candidate in case the transformer is no longer produced.
\subsection{Power considerations}
A Power MOSFET \cite{FlybackDoc} is able to better handle the pulsed
power than a BJT.
\subsection{Pulse Shaping}
Lastly, the monostable behaviour of blocking oscillator is not a plus for CTDAH
board. CTDAH is intended to be more customizable in terms of pulse shaping than
previous boards. As the blocking oscillator can only be triggered by a control
signal to produce a pulse of fixed width, the lack of flexibility is
evident.\\
On the other hand, the flyback circuit relies on a control signal that
shapes the pulse width of the output pulse. Thanks to this signal, a CTDAH
channel can be set to work as a repetitor or to provide a control
signal for a SAC or LAF board. It must be noted that, parameters such as the
rise and fall times, rely on physical constraints not modifiable by a control
signal. This is the case of the leakage inductance of a transformer, which slows
down both the rise and falling edges. Transformers with smaller values of
primary inductance will typically have less leakage inductance, hence, they will
be better as repetitors. Transformers with higher values of primary inductance
will be able to produce wider pulses without reaching the its saturation
current. Thus, this second type of transformers should be used when interfacing
with SAC and LAF boards.
\pagebreak
\bibliographystyle{unsrt}
\bibliography{BlockingSpecification}
\end{document}
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@book{johnson1993high,
title={High-speed digital design: a handbook of black magic},
author={Johnson, H.W. and Graham, M.},
isbn={9780133957242},
lccn={93000027},
series={Prentice Hall PTR Signal Integrity Library},
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@misc{StandardBlocking,
author= "C. Gil Soriano",
title= {{Standard Blocking Output Signal Definition for CTDAH board}},
month= sep,
year= 2011,
note = "{\url{http://www.ohwr.org/documents/109}}"
}
@misc{StandardBlocking,
author= "C. Gil Soriano",
title= {{Standard Blocking Output Signal Definition for CTDAH board}},
month= sep,
year= 2011,
note = "{\url{http://www.ohwr.org/documents/109}}"
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ALTauthor = {Jacob Millman, Herbert Taub},
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year = {1965},
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\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,titlepage]{article}
\usepackage[pdfborder= 0 0 0 1]{hyperref}
\author{Carlos Gil Soriano\\BE-CO-HT\\
\href{mailto:carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}{\textbf{\textit{carlos.gil.soriano@cern.ch}}}}
\title{\textbf{{\LARGE TTL Converter to 30V pulsed output Backplane}}}
\date{\today}
\begin{document}
\maketitle{}
\pagebreak
\pagestyle{empty}
\paragraph{Acknowledgements}
This document agregates the functional and technical specifications of the
TTL to 30V pulsed output for the substitution of both 8 and 16 channel
repeaters. It has been carried out thanks to the help of
\href{mailto:Emmanuel.Said@cern.ch}{Emmanuel Said}.
\paragraph{System Description and Purpose}
The channel repeater is a device able to translate TTL and non-TTL signals
into 30V output pulses and regenerate 30V pulses. There are two kinds of
repetitors: 8 channel and 16 channel. The difference between them relies in the
number of channels as well as the rear connectors used in each of the
repeaters.
The aim of this document is setting the specifications needed for the renovation
of these devices due to the difficulties faced when it comes to maintenance and
repairing.
\pagebreak
\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
\tableofcontents
\pagebreak
\pagestyle{plain}
\setcounter{page}{1}
\section{Functional Specifications}
As the circuit to be redone has shown proven reliability among its lifetime and
ease of use for the operator, the functional specifications gear towards these
two ideas.
\begin{description}
\item \textbf{Main functionality}\\
The circuit must convert TTL pulses and negative TTL to a 30V pulsed output.
30V input pulses must be regenerated. The flat-top time of the pulse will be
set to 1.2 $\mu$s. A more detailed information about pulse characteristics
will be explained in the \textit{Technical Specification} section.
\item \textbf{PCB Form Factor}\\
The expected PCB Form Factor for each of the blocking oscillator should be a
one or two-layered board with dimensions around 2 inches by 1 inch. Later
fitting will be carried out for improving PCB panel explotation, according to
IPC-2221A standard.
\item \textbf{Working temperature range}\\
Currently, the blocking oscillator installed feedbacks temperature to the
blocking oscillator via a PTC. Moreover, it is desirable adding
temperature monitoring into the prospective \textit{Self-Monitorization Module}.
\item \textbf{Expected working lifetime}\\
Depending on the expected working lifetime, several components would be
carefully selected so as to comply in a long-term basis with technical
specifications --- i.e. 30V pulse lenght.
\item \textbf{Cost}\\
To be determined.
\item \textbf{Rack Form Factor}\\
The rack form factor will be 19'' U1 for the 8 channel repeater and 19'' U2 for the 16 channel repeater. A possible improvement could be
modifying the 16 channel repeater to U1 --whether it is possible to
fit the blocking oscillators PCB in a different fashion or not.
\item \textbf{Front Rack Panel Interface}\\
It will consist of a LED indicator for each channel letting the operator
quickly know if pulses are crossing the repeater by, as the previous version
does. The control of this LED indicator should come from the
\textit{Self-Monitorization Module}.
\item \textbf{Rear Rack Panel Interface}\\
It will consist of two galvanic-isolated 50 $\Omega$ terminated outputs and
two inputs both for each channel, as the previous version
does. It is recommended to move from LEMO 00 to another connector with more
suppliers such as SMA or SMC.
\item \textbf{Coaxial Cable compilancy}\\
Currently, the interconnection among blocking repeaters is done thanks to a
50 $\Omega$ Coaxial Cable. The CERN Code SCEM reference is 04.61.11.225.6. Its
technical specification for transmission line analysys will be taken into account in the \textit{Technical Specification} section.
\item \textbf{Self-Monitorization Module}\\
A monitorizing board can be added to the set of the 8 or 16 blocking
oscillators channels so as to provide increased realibility over the previous
design. Thus, additional testing points should be added to the blocking
oscillator circuit to carry out this improvement.\\
Subsequently, an operator could read a log of events with detailed information
of the pulses.
\end{description}
\pagebreak
\section{Technical Specificiations}
\pagebreak
\appendix
\section{Pulse Generator waveform}
The way of testing the Pulse Generator waveform was done as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Pulse Generator configuration}\\
The pulse generator was configured
in auto mode. The selected output was 30V and the frecuency of the pulse was
set to 2K - 20K pps. The LEMO output was used as a source for the
oscilloscope. A LEMO both-sided-ended cable of 10 ns was employed.
\item \textbf{Oscilloscope configuration}\\
The oscilloscope corresponds to the Tektronics TPS 2024. For avoiding the
attenuation of the high frequencies in an eventual pulse overdamping, a
10X probe configuration was set.
\item \textbf{Waveform measurements}\\
\\
\begin{tabular}{|l|r|}
\hline
t$_{rise}$ \hspace{0.2cm} 10\% - 90\% & 32 ns \\
\hline
Flat-top voltage & 30V \\
\hline
Overdamping & 9V \\
time over 10\% of flat-top voltage & 46.80 ns \\
\hline
Time on high & 1.29 ns \\
\hline
Tilt --includes overdamping & 3V \\
\hline
t$_{fall}$ \hspace{0.2cm}90\% - 10\% & 550 ns \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
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\bibitem{StandardBlocking}
C.~Gil Soriano.
\newblock {Standard Blocking Output Signal Definition for CTDAH board},
September 2011.
\newblock {\url{http://www.ohwr.org/documents/109}}.
\bibitem{StantonBook}
W.A. Stanton.
\newblock {\em Pulse technology}.
\newblock Wiley, 1964.
\bibitem{MillmanBook}
J.~Millman and H.~Taub.
\newblock {\em Pulse, digital, and switching waveforms: devices and circuits
for their generation and processing}.
\newblock McGraw-Hill, 1981.
\bibitem{LinvillBook}
J.G. Linvill and J.F. Gibbons.
\newblock {\em Transistors and active circuits}.
\newblock McGraw-Hill electrical and electronic engineering series.
McGraw-Hill, 1961.
\bibitem{LinvillIREPaper}
J.G. Linvill and R.H. Mattson.
\newblock Junction transistor blocking oscillators.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the IRE}, 43(11):1632 --1639, nov. 1955.
\bibitem{McDonaldIEEEPaper}
J.~McDonald.
\newblock Circuit models to predict switching performance of nanosecond
blocking oscillators.
\newblock {\em Circuit Theory, IEEE Transactions on}, 11(4):442 -- 448, dec
1964.
\bibitem{NormanIEEPaper}
P.~Norman and E.J.E. Smith.
\newblock The design of transistor blocking oscillators.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the IEE - Part B: Electronic and Communication
Engineering}, 106(18):1251 --1259, may 1959.
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C.~Gil Soriano.
\newblock {Standard Blocking Output Signal Definition for CTDAH board},
September 2011.
\newblock {\url{http://www.ohwr.org/documents/109}}.
\bibitem{StantonBook}
W.A. Stanton.
\newblock {\em Pulse technology}.
\newblock Wiley, 1964.
\bibitem{MillmanBook}
J.~Millman and H.~Taub.
\newblock {\em Pulse, digital, and switching waveforms: devices and circuits
for their generation and processing}.
\newblock McGraw-Hill, 1981.
\bibitem{LinvillBook}
J.G. Linvill and J.F. Gibbons.
\newblock {\em Transistors and active circuits}.
\newblock McGraw-Hill electrical and electronic engineering series.
McGraw-Hill, 1961.
\bibitem{LinvillIREPaper}
J.G. Linvill and R.H. Mattson.
\newblock Junction transistor blocking oscillators.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the IRE}, 43(11):1632 --1639, nov. 1955.
\bibitem{McDonaldIEEEPaper}
J.~McDonald.
\newblock Circuit models to predict switching performance of nanosecond
blocking oscillators.
\newblock {\em Circuit Theory, IEEE Transactions on}, 11(4):442 -- 448, dec
1964.
\bibitem{NormanIEEPaper}
P.~Norman and E.J.E. Smith.
\newblock The design of transistor blocking oscillators.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the IEE - Part B: Electronic and Communication
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C.~Dehavay.
\newblock {Distributeur de Timing en Chasis Europe Notice Descriptive}.
\newblock CERN, PS-CO-WP, Note 87-028, February 1987.
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C.~Gil Soriano.
\newblock {Standard Blocking Output Signal Definition for CTDAH board},
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P.~Norman and E.J.E. Smith.
\newblock The design of transistor blocking oscillators.
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Engineering}, 106(18):1251 --1259, may 1959.
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D.A. Grant and J.~Gowar.
\newblock {\em Power MOSFETS: theory and applications}.
\newblock A Wiley-interscience publication. Wiley, 1989.
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\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1}{Introduction}{}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2}{Theoretical analysis}{}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.1}{On phase}{section.2}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.2}{Recovery phase}{section.2}
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.2.2.1}{Linear Decrease}{subsection.2.2}
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.2.2.2}{Exponential Decrease}{subsection.2.2}
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.2.2.3}{Off state}{subsection.2.2}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.3}{Trigger circuit}{section.2}
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.2.3.1}{Valid resistance values}{subsection.2.3}
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.2.3.2}{Transients}{subsection.2.3}
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.2.3.3}{Modified trigger}{subsection.2.3}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.4}{Switching}{section.2}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3}{Circuit proposed}{}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.3.1}{Schematics}{section.3}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4}{Improvements over Level Converter board}{}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.1}{Snubber Circuit}{section.4}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.2}{Adjustable Fall and Rise Time}{section.4}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.3}{Less Tilt in the Output Pulse}{section.4}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5}{Simulation and Measurements}{}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1}{Simulations}{section.5}
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.2}{Measurements}{section.5}
\contentsline {paragraph}{System Description and Purpose}{ii}{section*.1}
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\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Theoretical analysis}{3}{section.2}
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}Recovery phase}{5}{subsection.2.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Linear Decrease}{5}{subsubsection.2.2.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Exponential Decrease}{6}{subsubsection.2.2.2}
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\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Schematics}{10}{subsection.3.1}
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@TECHREPORT{UG380,
institution= "Xilinx Inc.",
title= {{Spartan-6 FPGA Configuration User Guide}},
month= july,
year= 2011,
number = "UG380 v2.3",
note = "{\url{http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/user_guides/ug380.pdf}}"
}
\ No newline at end of file
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