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Presentation for BE-CEM Technical Meeting at CERN

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presentations/WR_BE-CEM-TM_2021_03/wr_be-cem-tm_2021_03.tex
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......@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
\section[Intro to GMT and BST]{Introduction to GMT and BST}
\section[Intro to GMT \& BST]{Introduction to GMT and BST}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Sequencing and synchronisation}
......@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
\begin{frame}{Phase Locked Loops (PLL) for \\Clock \& Data Recovery (CDR)}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{misc/pll_cdr.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{misc/pll_cdr.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
......@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
\subsection{}
%=======================
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{What is White Rabbit [1]?}
\begin{frame}{What is White Rabbit?}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.65\textwidth}
......@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
\item<6->Extends standards to meet new requirements and provides
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \color{blue!90}{\textbf{Sub-ns synchronisation}}
\item \color{red}{Deterministic data transfer} [2]
\item \color{red}{Deterministic data transfer}
\end{itemize}
\item<7-> Initial specs: links $\leq$10~km \& $\leq$2000 nodes
......@@ -231,84 +231,12 @@
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{misc/WR-zoo.jpg}\vspace{-1cm}
\begin{center}
\small
\textbf{Companies selling White Rabbit [3]:} \url{www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/wrcompanies}
\textbf{Companies selling White Rabbit:} \url{www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/wrcompanies}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
% \begin{frame}{White Rabbit application examples}
%
% \begin{columns}[c]
% \column{0.7\textwidth}
% \begin{itemize}
% \item<1-> \color<2->{black!50}{CERN and GSI}
% \item<2-> \color<3->{black!50}{HiSCORE: Gamma\&Cosmic-Ray experiment}
% \item<3-> \color<4->{black!50}{The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory}
% \item<4-> \color<5->{black!50}{MIKES: Centre for metrology and accreditation}
% \item<5-> {KM3NET: European deep-sea neutrino telescope}
% \end{itemize}
%
% \column{0.45\textwidth}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics<1>[width=0.80\textwidth]{applications/gsiANDcern.pdf}
% \pause
% \includegraphics<2>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/tunka.pdf}
% \pause
% \includegraphics<3>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/lhaaso.pdf}
% \pause
% \includegraphics<4>[width=.7\textwidth]{applications/mikes.pdf}
% \pause
% \includegraphics<5->[width=1\textwidth]{applications/KM3NeT.pdf}
% \end{center}
%
% \end{columns}
% \pause
% {\small More WR collaborators: \url{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/WRUsers}}
% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Many users worldwide, including metrology labs...}
% \small
\footnotesize
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.72\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> \color<2->{black!50}{CERN and GSI}
\item<2-> \color<3->{black!50}{The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory}
\item<3-> \color<4->{black!50}{KM3NET: Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope}
\item<4-> \color<5->{black!50}{German Stock Exchange}
\item<5-> \color<7->{black!50}{Mikes: Finish Metrology Institute}
\item<6-> \color<7->{black!50}{Metrology Institutes in Netherlands (VSL), \\France (LNE-SYRTE), USA (NIST), UK (NPL) and\\Italy (INRIM)} %and Belgium (SMD)
\item<7-> ESA: European Space Agency for Galileo
\end{itemize}
\column{0.45\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[height=0.75\textheight]{applications/gsiANDcern.pdf}
% \includegraphics<2>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/lhaaso.pdf}
\includegraphics<2>[height=0.75\textheight]{applications/lhaaso-v2.jpg}
% \includegraphics<3>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/KM3NeT.pdf}
\includegraphics<3>[height=0.75\textheight]{applications/KM3NeT-v2.jpg}
% \includegraphics<4>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/GermanStockExchange.jpg}
\includegraphics<4>[height=0.75\textheight]{applications/GermanStockExchange-v2.jpg}
\includegraphics<5>[height=0.75\textheight]{applications/finland-2.jpg}
\includegraphics<6>[height=0.75\textheight]{applications/TimeLabs.png}
\includegraphics<7->[height=0.75\textheight]{applications/ESA-galileo.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause%\vspace{0.5cm}
{\scriptsize See user page [4]: \url{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/WRUsers}}
{\scriptsize See also article [5] and newsletter [6]}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Technology}
\subsection{}
......@@ -405,7 +333,7 @@
\footnotesize
\begin{itemize}
\item <1->Correction of RTT for asymmetries
\item <2->Asymmetry sources: FPGA, PCB, SFP electrics/optics, chromatic dispersion [7,8]
\item <2->Asymmetry sources: FPGA, PCB, SFP electrics/optics, chromatic dispersion
\item <3->Link delay model:
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \textbf{Fixed delays} -- calibrated/measured
......@@ -421,240 +349,84 @@
\includegraphics<1>[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-1.jpg}
\includegraphics<2>[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-2.jpg}
\includegraphics<3->[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-3.jpg}\\\pause\pause\pause
\tiny See: \textit{WR Calibration} [9]
%\tiny See: \textit{WR Calibration} [9]
\end{center}
\end{columns}
% \pause\pause\pause\pause
% \scriptsize See: \textit{WR Calibration}, version 1.1, G.Daniluk
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \section{Equipment}
% \subsection{}
%
% \begin{frame}{Typical WR network}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}[t,fragile]{White Rabbit Switch [10]}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{switch/wrSwitch_v3_3.jpg}
% \begin{itemize}\small
% \item Central element of WR network
% \item 18 port gigabit Ethernet switch with WR features
% \item Default Optical transceivers: up to 10km, single-mode fiber
% \item Fully open, commercially available from 4 companies
% \end{itemize}
%
% \end{center}
% \begin{center}\scriptsize
% NOTE: Work started on a new WR switch with 10 Gigabit Ethernet
% \end{center}
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \begin{frame}{Simplified block diagram of the hardware}
% \vspace{-0.3cm}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{switch/switch3_4_simple_diagram_h.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}{Open \textbf{and} commercially available off-the-shelf}
% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/WR-zoo.jpg}
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
% \begin{frame}{WR Node [11]: carrier board + FMC}
% \vspace{-0.5cm}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{node/shw_kit2.png}
% \end{center}
%
% \begin{columns}[c]
% \column{.01\textwidth}
% \column{.98\textwidth}
% \vspace{-0.5cm}
% \begin{block}{FMC-based Hardware Kit}
% \begin{itemize}\small
% % \item Carrier boards in PCI-Express, VME, PXIe
% \item All carrier cards are equipped with a White Rabbit port
% \item All carrier cards instantite WR PTP Core [12]
% \item Mezzanines can use the accurate clock signal and ``TAI''
% \\ (synchronous sampling clock, trigger time tag, ...)
% \end{itemize}
% \end{block}
%
% \column{.01\textwidth}
% \end{columns}
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}{White Rabbit PTP Core [11]}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=\textheight]{node/wrNode.jpg}
% \end{center}
% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Performance}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Time transfer: out-of-the-box}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=7.0cm]{measurements/meas_setup.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Time transfer: out-of-the-box}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{measurements/meas_results2.pdf}\\
Reported in 2011 in [13]
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Frequency transfer: out-of-the-box and improved}
\section{Equipment}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Typical WR network}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/rsz_experimental_setup.png}\\
\scriptsize
Measurement device: Microsemi/Microchip 3120A Phase Noise Test Probe\\
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Frequency transfer: out-of-the-box and improved}
\vspace{-0.35cm}
\begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=.57\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/GM+BC_pn.jpg}
\includegraphics[width=.72\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/GM+BC_MDEV.jpg}
% \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/GM+BC_pn+MDEC.jpg}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item<1-> Out-of-the-box performance:
\begin{itemize}\tiny
\item \textbf{GM-in to GM-out}: jitter of \textbf{9~ps} RMS 1~Hz--100~kHz and MDEV of \textbf{2E-12} $\tau$=1~s ENBW 50~Hz
\item \textbf{GM-in to Slave-out}: jitter of \textbf{11~ps} RMS 1~Hz--100~kHz and MDEV of \textbf{4E-12} $\tau$=1~s ENBW 50~Hz
\end{itemize}
\item<2-> WR Switches improved with Low Jitter Daughterboard (LJD [14, 16]):
\begin{itemize}\tiny
\item \textbf{GM-in to GM-out}: jitter of \textbf{1~ps} RMS 1~Hz--100~kHz and MDEV of $<$\textbf{5E-13} $\tau$=1~s ENBW 50~Hz
\item \textbf{GM-in to Slave-out}: jitter of $<$\textbf{2~ps} RMS 1~Hz--100~kHz and MDEV of $<$\textbf{7E-13} $\tau$=1~s ENBW 50~Hz
\end{itemize}
% \item<3-> Enhanced end-node (Morion MV207 OCXO):
% \begin{itemize}\tiny
% \item \textbf{GM-out to BC-out}: jitter of $<$\textbf{100fs} RMS 10Hz-10MHz
% \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
% \pause\pause
% \begin{center}\scriptsize
% See more in t [14, 16]
% \end{center}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{White Rabbit Switch}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{switch/wrSwitch_v3_3.jpg}
\begin{itemize}\small
\item Central element of WR network
\item 18 port gigabit Ethernet switch with WR features
\item Default Optical transceivers: up to 10km, single-mode fiber
\item Fully open, commercially available from 4 companies
\end{itemize}
\end{center}
\begin{center}\scriptsize
NOTE: Work started on a new WR switch with 10 Gigabit Ethernet
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{WR time \& frequency transfer: state of the art}
\begin{frame}{Simplified block diagram of the hardware}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{measurements//RF-ertm_clka_100mhz_ocxo_250m_out-v2.png}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \textbf{GM-out to end-node-out}: accuracy of $<$\textbf{10~ps}
\item \textbf{GM-out to end-node-out}: jitter of $<$\textbf{100~fs} RMS 10~Hz--10~MHz
\end{itemize}
\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{switch/switch3_4_simple_diagram_h.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% \begin{frame}{Open \textbf{and} commercially available off-the-shelf}
%% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/WR-zoo.jpg}
%% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section[WR and Open Source]{White Rabbit and Open Source}
\subsection{}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{The White Rabbit ecosystem 1/2}
\begin{block}{Individuals, companies and public institutions}
\begin{itemize}
\item Open Source provides level playing field.
\item ``Open Core'' business model with ever-expanding core.
\item If you are paid with public money, please publish all your
contributions under an open-source licence. See \textcolor{cyan}{
\href{https://ohwr.org/project/ohr-meta/wikis/Documents/oshw-in-public-institutions}
{https://ohwr.org/project/ohr-meta/wikis/Documents/oshw-in-public-institutions}}.
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{The White Rabbit ecosystem 1/2}
\begin{block}{Challenges ahead}
\begin{itemize}
\item How to maintain a healthy ever-expanding open core? The issue with
patents.
\item How to manage the evolution of WR in a fair, transparent way?
\item How to make WR more sustainable, providing a template other FOSS and
OSHW projects can use?
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
Should we create a White Rabbit Foundation?
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{WR Node: carrier board + FMC}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{node/shw_kit2.png}
\end{center}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.01\textwidth}
\column{.98\textwidth}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{block}{FMC-based Hardware Kit}
\begin{itemize}\small
% \item Carrier boards in PCI-Express, VME, PXIe
\item All carrier cards are equipped with a White Rabbit port
\item All carrier cards instantiate the WR PTP Core
\item Mezzanines can use the accurate clock signal and ``TAI''
\\ (synchronous sampling clock, trigger time tag, ...)
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{WR Switch}
\subsection{}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit Switch firmware v6.0}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{itemize}\small
\item Latest firmware release for WRS-v3 on 12 June 2020 (\textcolor{cyan}{\href{https://ohwr.org/project/wr-switch-sw/wikis/Release-v60}{see}})
\item Highlights:
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Low phase drift calibration (ports 1-12 only) - improved phase stability between link restarts $<$10ps
\item WRS Low Jitter Daughterboard support
% \item Preamble shrinkage support
% \item Port mirroring to include CPU-originated traffic
\item Leap-second file handling and updating
% \item Kerberos for authentication
\item Reorganised dot-config, more PTP parameters exposed
\item PPSi reorganisation to prepare for IEEE1588 HA profile
\item PPSi compatibility with standard PTP improved (BMCA fixed)
\end{itemize}
\item NOTE:
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item dot-config is re-organised, use \textbf{wrs\_menuconfig} to generate configuration
\item it takes much longer to start the WR switch due to calibration, be patient
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\column{.01\textwidth}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit Switch version 4 (WRS-4)}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{itemize}\small
\item Project: \textcolor{cyan}{\url{https://ohwr.org/project/wr-switch-hw-v4/wikis}}
\item Study phase (2019-2020):
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Inputs from WR community
\item Study on the features and mainboard of the WRS-4\\
\tiny
\textcolor{cyan}{\href{https://ohwr.org/project/wr-switch-hw-v4/wikis/features-choice-meeting-with-it}{CERN IT consultation}},
\textcolor{cyan}{\href{https://ohwr.org/project/wr-switch-hw-v4/wikis/uploads/31c7019f3c24cb12ec0f8c79c108af59/WRS-v4-resource-utilization.pdf}{FPGA resource evaluation}},
\textcolor{cyan}{\href{https://ohwr.org/project/wr-switch-hw-v4/wikis/uploads/2309166f9f7deb1249f3fa6fcb99c925/Study_on_the_new_hardware_features_for_the_WRS_4.pdf}{features}} and
\textcolor{cyan}{\href{https://ohwr.org/project/wr-switch-hw-v4/wikis/uploads/c4fa8bc97eeeb551c736146eae7b8e25/WRS-4_main_board_Hardware_Architecture_-v1.7-2020-06-09.pdf}{mainboard}} specifications
\scriptsize
\item Negotiation of a (very good) price for the recommended FPGA
\item \textcolor{cyan}{\href{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis/New-WRS-4-Workshop}{New WRS-4 Workshop}}, to gather
\textcolor{cyan}{\href{https://ohwr.org/project/wr-switch-hw-v4/issues?scope=all\&utf8=\%E2\%9C\%93&state=all}{feedback}} from the WR community
\item Final HW specification of the WRS-4
\end{itemize}
\item Development (2020-2024) - two phases:
\begin{enumerate}\scriptsize
\item \textbf{WRS-4 with 1 Gbps (2022)} - 18-20 ports with 1 Gbps\vspace{0.1cm}
\item \textbf{WRS-4 with 1 \& 10 Gbps (2024)} - 18-24 ports with 1 and/or 10 Gbps
\end{enumerate}
\end{itemize}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit PTP Core}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textheight]{node/wrNode.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{WRS-4 HW specification}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
......@@ -663,7 +435,7 @@
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Drop-in replacement for the WRS-3
\item HW prototype with 24 ports 1 \& 10 Gbps (\textcolor{cyan}{\href{https://ohwr.org/project/wr-switch-hw-v4/issues/1}{see}})\\
\item HW prototype with 24 ports 1 \& 10 Gbps\\
\tiny
v4.1: 18-20@1Gb\\
v4.2: 20-24@1\&10 Gbps or\\\vspace{-0.1cm}
......@@ -695,196 +467,63 @@
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Conclusions}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Summary}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> Sub-ns accuracy and sub-10~ps precision out-of-the-box
\item<2-> Sub-10~ps accuracy and sub-100~fs precision achievable
\item<3-> Completely open source
\item<4-> Commercially available off-the-shelf
\item<5-> Standard-based and standard extending
\item<6-> Included in the revised IEEE1588
\item<7-> Showcase of technology transfer
% \item<8-> A versatile solution for general control and data acquisition
% \item<1-> Sub-ns accuracy and sub-10ps precision out-of-the-box
% \item<2-> Sub-10ps accuracy and sub-100fs precision achievable
% \item<3-> Open source (H/W \& S/W) with commercial support
% \item<4-> Standard-compatible and standard-extending
% \item<5-> Standardised within upcoming revision of IEEE1588
% \item<6-> A versatile solution for general control and data acquisition
% \item<7-> More applications than ever expected
\end{itemize}
% \pause
%For more information see http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Q\&A}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=4.0cm]{misc/white_rabbit_end.png}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
Thank you for attention!\\ Any questions?
\end{center}
\vspace{1cm}
\begin{center}\scriptsize
WR Project page: http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\appendix
\backupbegin
\begin{frame}{Backup slides}
\begin{center}
Backup slides
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\section{References}
\section{Performance}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{References}
\tiny
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit Project:}\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis}
% \item \textbf{Companies selling WR:}\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wrcompanies}
% \item \textbf{Users of WR:}\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/WRUsers}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit Applications and Enhancements}, M.Lipinski et. al, ISPCS2018\\\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/7f9e67258850d5c036629a509bf2e124/ISPCS2018-WRApplicatoinsAndEnhancements.pdf}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit Newsletter, September 2018} \\\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis/newsletter-2018-09}
% \item \textbf{Temperature Effect and Correction Method of White Rabbit Timing Link}; Hongming Li, Guanghua Gong, Weibin Pan, Qiang Du, Jianmin Li
% \item \textbf{DWDM Stabilized Optics for White Rabbit}, Paul Boven
% \item \textbf{WR Calibration}, version 1.1, G.Daniluk\\ \url{www.cern.ch/white-rabbit/documents/WR_Calibration-v1.1-20151109.pdf}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit Switch:} \url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis/Switch}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit Node:} \url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis/Node}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit PTP Core:} \url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/wr-cores/wikis/Wrpc-core}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit: a PTP application for robust sub-nanosecond synchronization}, M. Lipiński et el, ISPCS2011\\\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/cfc34350adcbf5156f968fac0b9301b5/ISPCS2011_WR.pdf}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit Clock Synchronization: Ultimate Limits on Close-In Phase Noise and Short-Term Stability Due to FPGA Implementation}, M.Rizzi et el, UFFC-T, 2018\\\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/253cbfc17d2b43cd445b68348aee0374/Submitted_IEEE.pdf}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit Clock Characteristics}, M. Rizzi et el, ISPCS2016\\\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/2fa1a438446fc6c85b4540faecf1017a/ISPCS2016-WRClockCharacteristics.pdf}
% \item \textbf{WRS Low Jitter Daughterboard:}\url{www.ohwr.org/projects/wrs-low-jitter}
% \item \textbf{Methods to Increase Reliability and Ensure Determinism in a White Rabbit Network}, M. Lipinski\\\url{http://cds.cern.ch/record/2261452}
% \item \textbf{Trigger and RF Distribution using White Rabbit}, T. Wlostowski et al\\\url{http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/ICALEPCS2015/papers/wec3o01.pdf}
% \item \textbf{White Rabbit Trigger Distribution:}\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/wrtd/wikis/home}
% % \url{https://indico.cern.ch/event/815290/#1-trigger-distribution-over-wh}
% \end{enumerate}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.01\textwidth}
\column{1.15\textwidth}
$[1]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Project:} \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis}\\
$[2]$ \textbf{Methods to Increase Reliability and Ensure Determinism in a WR Network}, M. Lipinski, \url{cds.cern.ch/record/2261452}\\
$[3]$ \textbf{Companies selling WR:} \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wrcompanies}\\
$[4]$ \textbf{Users of WR:} \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/WRUsers}\\
$[5]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Applications and Enhancements}, M.Lipinski et al., ISPCS2018, \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/7f9e67258850d5c036629a509bf2e124/ISPCS2018-WRApplicatoinsAndEnhancements.pdf}\\
$[6]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Newsletter, September 2018: } \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis/newsletter-2018-09}\\
$[7]$ \textbf{Temperature Effect and Correction Method of White Rabbit Timing Link}; H. Li et al., \url{arxiv.org/abs/1406.4223}\\
$[8]$ \textbf{DWDM Stabilized Optics for White Rabbit}, P. Boven, \url{ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8409035}\\
$[9]$ \textbf{WR Calibration}, version 1.1, G.Daniluk, \url{www.cern.ch/white-rabbit/documents/WR_Calibration-v1.1-20151109.pdf}\\
$[10]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Switch:} \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis/Switch}\\
$[11]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Node:} \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/wikis/Node}\\
$[12]$ \textbf{White Rabbit PTP Core:} \url{www.ohwr.org/project/wr-cores/wikis/Wrpc-core}\\
$[13]$ \textbf{White Rabbit: a PTP application for robust sub-nanosecond synchronization}, M. Lipiński et al, ISPCS2011\\
~~~~~~~ \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/cfc34350adcbf5156f968fac0b9301b5/ISPCS2011_WR.pdf}\\
$[14]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Clock Synchronization: Ultimate Limits on Close-In Phase Noise and Short-Term Stability Due to FPGA Implementation}, M.Rizzi et al, UFFC-T, 2018\\
~~~~~~~ \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/253cbfc17d2b43cd445b68348aee0374/Submitted_IEEE.pdf}\\
$[15]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Clock Characteristics}, M. Rizzi et el., ISPCS2016, \url{www.ohwr.org/project/white-rabbit/uploads/2fa1a438446fc6c85b4540faecf1017a/ISPCS2016-WRClockCharacteristics.pdf}\\
$[16]$ \textbf{WRS Low Jitter Daughterboard:} \url{www.ohwr.org/projects/wrs-low-jitter}\\
$[17]$ \textbf{White Rabbit standardisation:}
\url{www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-std/wiki/}
$[18]$ \textbf{WR Precision Time Protocol on Long-Distance Fiber Links}, E. F. Dierikx et al., \url{ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7383303}\\
$[19]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Time Transfer on Medium and Long Fibre Hauls at INRIM}, G. Fantino et al., \\
~~~~~~~ \url{www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?articleID=12598}\\
$[20]$ \textbf{Trigger and RF Distribution using White Rabbit}, T. Wlostowski et al., ICALEPCS2015, \\
~~~~~~~ \url{accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/ICALEPCS2015/papers/wec3o01.pdf}\\
$[21]$ \textbf{White Rabbit Trigger Distribution: }
\url{www.ohwr.org/project/wrtd/wikis/home}\\
~~~~~~~ \url{indico.cern.ch/event/815290/\#1-trigger-distribution-over-wh}\\
$[22]$ \textbf{Absolute Calibration: }
\url{https://www.ohwr.org/project/wr-calibration/wikis/home}\\
$[23]$ \textbf{IEEE P1588 Working Group: }
\url{https://ieee-sa.imeetcentral.com/1588public/}
% \column{.01\textwidth}
\end{columns}
\begin{frame}{Time transfer: out-of-the-box}
\end{frame}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=7.0cm]{measurements/meas_setup.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Time transfer: out-of-the-box}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{measurements/meas_results2.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
% \section{Current developments}
% \subsection{}
% \begin{frame}{Current developments}
% \begin{itemize}\small
% \item<1-> Standardisation in IEEE 1588 [17, 23] -- practically done
% \item<2-> Time \& frequency performance -- prototyping
% \begin{itemize}\scriptsize
% \item Jitter: \textbf{sub-100fs RMS} (100Hz to 20MHz)
% \item Accuracy: \textbf{sub-10ps}
% \end{itemize}
% \item<3-> Long-haul link [18, 19] -- already working, study to improve
% \begin{itemize}\scriptsize
% \item \textbf{Sub-ns on 80km} and \textbf{ns on 137km} links with single bidirectional fiber
% \item \textbf{$\pm$2.5ns on 950km} links with two unidirectional fibers
% \end{itemize}
% \item<4-> Absolute Calibration [22] -- developed, reproducing
% \begin{itemize}\scriptsize
% \item In-situ calibration of fibers
% \item Absolute calibration of hardware delays
% \end{itemize}
% \item<5-> 10 GbE WR Switch - designing
% \item<6-> WR-based applications at CERN -- to be opperational in 2020
% \begin{itemize}\scriptsize
% \item Radio-frequency over WR for RF cavities control
% \item Distributed Oscilloscope
% \end{itemize}
% \end{itemize}
% \end{frame}
\begin{frame}{WR time \& frequency transfer: state of the art}
% \begin{frame}{GM Switch with LJD: PM noise and Modified ADEV}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/pn.png}
% \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/mdev.png}
% \end{center}
% \end{frame}
%
% \begin{frame}{BC Switch with LJD: PM noise and Modified ADEV}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/slave_pn.png}
% \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/slave_mdev.png}
% \end{center}
% \end{frame}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{measurements//RF-ertm_clka_100mhz_ocxo_250m_out-v2.png}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \textbf{GM-out to end-node-out}: accuracy of $<$\textbf{10~ps}
\item \textbf{GM-out to end-node-out}: jitter of $<$\textbf{100~fs} RMS 10~Hz--10~MHz
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Applications}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{WR applications in science and beyond}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.5\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Time \& frequency transfer
\item Time-based control
\item Precise timestamping
\item Trigger distribution
\item Fixed-latency data transfer
\item Radio-frequency transfer
\end{itemize}
\column{.6\textwidth}
\pause
\begin{block}{\centering New paradigm}
\begin{center}
Precise time \& frequency transfer\\ revolutionises \\the way science is made !
\end{center}
\end{block}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%\begin{frame}{WR applications in science and beyond}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% \begin{columns}[c]
%% \column{.5\textwidth}
%% \begin{itemize}
%% \item Time \& frequency transfer
%% \item Time-based control
%% \item Precise timestamping
%% \item Trigger distribution
%% \item Fixed-latency data transfer
%% \item Radio-frequency transfer
%% \end{itemize}
%% \column{.6\textwidth}
%% \pause
%% \begin{block}{\centering New paradigm}
%% \begin{center}
%% Precise time \& frequency transfer\\ revolutionises \\the way science is made !
%% \end{center}
%% \end{block}
%% \end{columns}
%% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Time \& frequency transfer}
......@@ -917,9 +556,9 @@ $[23]$ \textbf{IEEE P1588 Working Group: }
\end{tabular}
\end{table}\vspace{-0.4cm}
\begin{center}
\scriptsize See more in [5] and [6]
\end{center}
% \begin{center}
%\scriptsize See more in [5] and [6]
% \end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Time \& frequency transfer}
......@@ -931,74 +570,8 @@ $[23]$ \textbf{IEEE P1588 Working Group: }
\includegraphics<1>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/DT.png}\\\tiny
ISPCS keynote \textit{Highly Accurate Time Dissemination \& Network Synchronisation}, Helmut Imlau, Deutsche Telekom
\end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}{Time \& frequency transfer}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{columns}[c]
% \column{.4\textwidth}
%
% \begin{itemize}\small
% \item<1-> Not very useful in scientific installations
% \item<2-> Widely used/evaluated by National Time Laboratories\\
% \textcolor{white}{bleblebleblebleblebleblebleblebleblebleblebleblebleblebleblebleblebleble}
% \end{itemize}
%
%
%
% \column{.7\textwidth}
% \pause
% \begin{table}
% \scriptsize
% \begin{tabular}{
% | c | c | c | c | } \hline
% \textbf{Time Lab}& \textbf{Country} & \textbf{Link Length}& \textbf{Time Error}\\ \hline
% VTT & Finland & 950~km & $\pm$2ns \\ \cline{3-4}
% MIKES & & 50~km & $<$1ns \\ \hline
% VSL & Netherlands & 2x137~km & $\approx$8ns \\ \hline
% % & & 25~km & 150ps & 1-2ps@1000s \\ \cline{3-5}
% LNE- & & 25~km & 150ps \\ \cline{3-4}
% SYRTE & France & 125~km & 2.5ns \\ \cline{3-4}
% & & 4x125~km & 2.5ns \\ \hline
% NIST & USA & $<$10~km & $<$200ps \\ \hline
% NLP & UK & 2x80~km & $<$1ns \\ \hline
% & & 50~km & 800ps $\pm$56ps\\ \cline{3-4}
% INRIM & Italy & 70~km & 610ps $\pm$47ps\\ \hline
% % & 400~km & & \\ \hline
%
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
%
% \end{columns}
%
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}{Time \& frequency transfer}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{columns}[c]
% \column{.4\textwidth}
%
% \begin{itemize}\small
% \item Not very useful in scientific installations
% \item Widely used/evaluated by National Time Laboratories
% \item Evaluated by Deutche Telecom
%
% \end{itemize}
%
%
%
% \column{.7\textwidth}
% \includegraphics<1>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/DT.png}\\\tiny
% From ISPCS keynote "Highly Accurate Time Dissemintation and Network Synchronization" by Helmut Imlau,
%
% \end{columns}
%
% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \subsection{Time-based control}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Time-based control}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
......@@ -1101,7 +674,8 @@ ISPCS keynote \textit{Highly Accurate Time Dissemination \& Network Synchronisat
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\pause\small
WRXI - White Rabbit eXtensions for Instrumentation - to replace CERN’s Open Analog Signals Information System (OASIS)
WRTD (White Rabbit Trigger Distribution) to replace the trigger system in
the Open Analog Signals Information System (OASIS)
\end{center}
\end{frame}
......@@ -1153,377 +727,85 @@ Distribution of magnetic field in CERN accelerators
\begin{itemize}\footnotesize
\item RF over WR at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item A prototype tested in operation: $<$10 ps jitter
\item Complete WR-based beam-synchronous timing system in operation: $<$10 ps jitter
\end{itemize}
\item RF over WR at CERN
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item A prototype: $<$100 fs jitter and $<$10 ps accuracy
\item eRTM14/15 boards: $<$100 fs jitter and $<$10 ps accuracy
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{WR performance in a long chain}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{WR performance in a long chain}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{measurements/cascadeMeasurement.pdf}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Improvements in a nutshell}
\section[WR and Open Source]{White Rabbit and Open Source}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Performance Enhancements}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{itemize}\footnotesize
\item<1-> Jitter and clock stability
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Triggered by National Laboratories and RF distribution
\item Allan deviation (ADEV) from 1e-11 to \textbf{1e-12} over 1~s
\item Random jitter from 11 to \textbf{1.1~ps RMS} (1~Hz to 100~kHz)
\item Ongoing work to achieve jitter of \textbf{sub-100~fs RMS} (100~Hz to 20~MHz)
\end{itemize}
\item<2-> Compensation of hardware temperature variation
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Triggered by cosmic ray detectors
\item Active correction of hardware temperature variation
\item Pk-pk variation from 700~ps to \textbf{$<$150 ps with sdev $<$50~ps (-10 to 50$^o$C)}
\end{itemize}
\item<3-> Long-haul link
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Triggered by National Time Labs and Radio Telescope
\item \textbf{Sub-ns} is achievable on links on \textbf{up to 80~km}
\item \textbf{$<$100ps on 2x100~km} bidirectional \& \textbf{$\pm$2.5~ns on 950~km} unidirectional links
\end{itemize}
\item<4-> Link asymmetry correction
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Triggered by radio telescope (Square Kilometre Array)
\item At 1310/1490~nm, temp variation -0.12 ps/km/K (3ns for 80~km over 50$^o$C)
\item \textbf{Sub-ns for 80~km over 50$^o$C} using DWDM SFP on ITU channels C21/C22 (1560.61/1558.98~nm)
\end{itemize}
\item<5-> Absolute calibration
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\section{Improvements in depth}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Performance limits and improvements}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[width=\textwidth]{misc/inaccuracy-sources.jpg}
\includegraphics<2>[width=\textwidth]{misc/inaccuracy-sources-fixed-delays.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Hardware asymmetry compensation}
% \begin{center}\vspace{-0.3cm}
% \includegraphics<1-2>[height=2.3cm]{misc/inaccuracy-sources-fixed-delays.jpg}
% \includegraphics<3>[height=2.3cm]{protocol/bitslide.jpg}
% \includegraphics<4->[height=2.3cm]{misc/inaccuracy-sources-fixed-delays.jpg}
% \end{center}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.65\textwidth}\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item<1-> \textbf{PCB, FPGA, SFP} -- hardware delay uncertainty
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Calibration uncertainty: sdev of 2~ps [8]
\item Linear dependency on temperature\\ (700~ps over $-10..55^oC$ [7]):
\begin{itemize}\tiny
\item CuteWR: tx $-8.4~ps/K$, rx $13.3~ps/K$ [7]
\item Switch: 8~ps/K [8]
\item WR-Zen: 4~ps/K [8]
\end{itemize}
\item Remedy: active compensation \\(for LHAASO, 50ps over $-10..55^oC$ [7])
% \item SFP delay dependency on input power, error up to 30ps [2]
\end{itemize}
\item<2-> \textbf{Bitslide} -- measurement uncertainty
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Measured each time link goes up
\item Value provided by transceiver in FPGA
\item Error: $\approx\pm$50~ps for GTX (Virtex 6)
\item Remedy: ensure bitslide is zero \\(ongoing work at CERN)
\end{itemize}
\begin{frame}{The White Rabbit ecosystem 1/2}
\begin{block}{Individuals, companies and public institutions}
\begin{itemize}
\item Open Source provides level playing field.
\item ``Open Core'' business model with ever-expanding core.
\item Most contributions paid with public money are published under an
open-source licence. See \textcolor{cyan}{
\href{https://ohwr.org/project/ohr-meta/wikis/Documents/oshw-in-public-institutions}
{https://ohwr.org/project/ohr-meta/wikis/Documents/oshw-in-public-institutions}}.
\end{itemize}
\column{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<2>[width=\textwidth]{protocol/bitslide.jpg}
\includegraphics<1>[width=\textwidth]{measurements/fixed-delays-temp-dependency.jpg}\\
\tiny
\textcolor<2>{white}{Figure source: [7]}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Performance limits and improvements}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/inaccuracy-sources-variable-delays.jpg}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\pause
$\alpha = \frac{\nu_g(\lambda_S)}{\nu_g(\lambda_M)} -1 = \frac{\delta_{MS} - \delta_{SM}}{\delta_{SM}}$\\\vspace{0.2cm}
$\delta_{ms}~ = \frac{1 + \alpha}{2 + \alpha} \, (RTT - \sum \Delta - \sum \epsilon)$
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Medium asymmetry compensation}
% \begin{center}\vspace{-0.3cm}
% \includegraphics[height=2.3cm]{misc/inaccuracy-sources-variable-delays.jpg}
% \end{center}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.71\textwidth}\vspace{-0.5cm}
\textcolor{white}{dddd\\dddd}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item<1-> \textbf{SFP} -- tx wavelength
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item<2-> IEEE802.3ah allows nominal value departures\\(10nm at 1490nm, 50nm at 1310nm)
\item<3-> Linear dependency on SFP temp:
\begin{itemize}\tiny
\item 1310nm: $0.4~~\sim0.5~~nm/K$ \textcolor<1-3>{white}{$\Rightarrow$ $~~~0.11 ps/(K \cdot km)$ [7]}
\item 1490nm: $0.09\sim0.12 nm/K$ \textcolor<1-3>{white}{$\Rightarrow$ $-0.51 ps/(K \cdot km)$ [7]}
\item 1550nm: ~~~~~~~~~$\approx0.1~~nm/K$ \textcolor<1-3>{white}{$\Rightarrow$ $~~~1.7~~ps/(K \cdot km)$ [8]}
\end{itemize}
% \begin{itemize}\tiny
% \item 1310nm: $0.4\sim0.5 nm/K$ (AXGE-1254 SFP) [6]
% \item 1490nm: $0.09\sim0.12 nm/K$ (AXGE-3454 SFP) [6]
% \item 1550nm: $\approx0.1 nm/K$ [7]
% \end{itemize}
% \begin{itemize}\tiny
% \item 1310nm: $0.4\sim0.5 nm/K$, for G.652.D fiber: $0.11 ps/(K \cdot km)$ [6]
% \item 1490nm: $0.09\sim0.12 nm/K$, for G.652.D fiber: $-0.51 ps/(K \cdot km)$ [6]
% \item 1550nm: $0.1 nm/K$, for G.652.D fiber:$1.7ps/(K \cdot km)$ [7]
% \end{itemize}
% \item<4-> SFP temp-dependency for G652.D fiber:
% \begin{itemize}\tiny
% \item 1310nm: $0.11 ps/(K \cdot km)$ [6]
% \item 1490nm: $-0.51 ps/(K \cdot km)$ [6]
% \item 1550nm: $1.7ps/(K \cdot km)$ [7]
% \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\item<5-> \textbf{Fibre} -- chromatic dispersion
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Linear dependency on fibre temp:
\begin{itemize}\tiny
\item G.652.D at 1310/1490: $-0.2 ~~ps/(K\cdot km)$ [7]
\item G.652.D at 1310/1490: $-0.12 ps/(K\cdot km)$ [7]
\item G.652.D at 1490/1550: $-0.05 ps/(K\cdot km)$ [8]
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\item<6-> Significant for links $>10~km$
\item<7-> Remedy: temp-stabilised laser, accurate and close wavelengths (C21/C23@1560.61/1558.98nm, SKA [8])
\end{itemize}
\textcolor{white}{dddd\\dddd\\dddd\\dddd}
\column{0.45\textwidth}
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.5cm}
\includegraphics<4>[width=0.8\textwidth]{measurements/sfp-temp-dependence.jpg}
\includegraphics<5>[width=\textwidth]{measurements/fiber-temp-dependency.jpg}
% \includegraphics<5->[width=\textwidth]{applications/SKA-DWDM.jpg}
\includegraphics<6->[width=\textwidth]{measurements/PBowen-link-errors.jpg}\textcolor{white}{d}\\
\textcolor<1-3,5->{white}{\tiny Figure source: [7]}\\
\textcolor<1-4>{white}{\tiny Figure source: [8]}
% \tiny\pause\pause\pause
% Figure source: [1]
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Frequency transfer}
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.3cm}
\includegraphics[height=2.3cm]{misc/inaccuracy-sources-freq-transfer.jpg}\\
\includegraphics<2>[width=.95\textwidth]{switch/wrs_v3_3_clocking_with_bandwidth.png}
\end{center}
\begin{frame}{The White Rabbit ecosystem 1/2}
\begin{block}{Challenges ahead}
\begin{itemize}
\item How to maintain a healthy ever-expanding open core? The issue with
patents.
\item How to manage the evolution of WR in a fair, transparent way?
\item How to make WR more sustainable, providing a template other FOSS and
OSHW projects can use?
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
Should we create a White Rabbit Foundation?
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Frequency transfer}
% \begin{center}\vspace{-0.3cm}
% \includegraphics[height=2.3cm]{misc/inaccuracy-sources-freq-transfer.jpg}
% \end{center}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.6\textwidth}\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item<1-> \textbf{DDMTD}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Flicker PM noise: -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz
\begin{itemize}\tiny
\item Dominant $<$ 10~Hz,
\item MDEV 4E-13 at $\tau=1~s$
\item LVDS input clock buffer and clock routing
\end{itemize}
\item White PM noise: -108 dBc/Hz
\begin{itemize}\tiny
\item Limits the phase noise to -108 dBc/Hz
\item Thermal, DFF meta-stability, noise due to aliasing
\end{itemize}
\item<2-> Stability at $\tau$=1s better on\\ Kintex-7 (28nm) \& Kintex US (20nm)
\end{itemize}
\item<3-> \textbf{GTX}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Flicker PM noise: -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz
\item White PM noise: -106 dBc/Hz\\ MDEV 4E-13 at $\tau=1~s$
\end{itemize}
\item<4-> Remedy: none, inherent to technology
\end{itemize}
\column{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.5cm}
\includegraphics<1>[width=.99\textwidth]{measurements/DDMTD-noise.jpg}
\includegraphics<2>[width=.99\textwidth]{measurements/DDMTD-future-tech-noise.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{columns}\vspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\tiny NOTE: Carrier is 10~MHz\\
\tiny All above data is based on [14]
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Frequency transfer}
% \begin{center}\vspace{-0.3cm}
% \includegraphics[height=2.3cm]{misc/inaccuracy-sources-freq-transfer.jpg}
% \end{center}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.67\textwidth}\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item<1-> Accumulation of phase noise in lower frequencies
\item<2-> \textbf{VCXO} - Boundary Clock only
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Phase noise leaking from the local oscillator
\item Instabilities induced by cooling airflow
\item Remedy: increase bandwidth (see [15]) or better oscillator (see daughterboard [16])
\end{itemize}
\item<3->\textbf{External reference input} - Grandmaster only
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Noisy internal Virtex-6 MMCM PLL
\item Large phase noise power at 10kHz to 2~MHz
\item Phase noise above DDMTD Nyquist (1.9~kHz) bandwidth folds back to baseband [14]
\item Remedy: external PLL to synthesise 62.5~MHz from 10MHz (see daughterboard [16])
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}%\vspace{-0.2cm}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{|l | c | c | c | c | c | } \hline \tiny
\textbf{Meas.} & \multicolumn{5}{|c|}{\textbf{Allan Deviation (ADEV)}} \\ \cline{2-6}
\textbf{at} & $\tau$=0.01 s & $\tau$=0.1 s & $\tau$=1 s & $\tau$=10 s & $\tau$=100 s \\ \cline{2-6}
& [s] & [s] & [s] & [s] & [s] \\ \hline
GM & 9.2e-10 & 1.3e-10 & 1.3e-11 & 1.3e-12 & 1.3e-13 \\ \hline
SW 1 & 7.4e-10 & 1.6e-10 & 1.9e-11 & 1.9e-12 & 1.9e-13 \\ \cline{1-6}
SW 2 & 6.9e-10 & 2.1e-10 & 2.7e-11 & 2.6e-12 & 2.6e-13 \\ \cline{1-6}
\end{tabular}
% \caption{Allan Deviation, equivalent noise bandwidth of 50Hz.}
\label{tab:adev}
\end{table}%\vspace{-0.3cm}
\column{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.5cm}\vspace{0.5cm}
\includegraphics<1-2>[width=.99\textwidth]{measurements/phase_noise_v3_4.pdf}
\includegraphics<3>[width=0.98\textwidth]{switch/mmcm_noise2.jpg}
\includegraphics<4>[width=.99\textwidth]{measurements/phase_noise_v3_4.pdf}
\includegraphics<5>[width=.45\textheight, angle=90]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/rsz_3d_image__1_.jpg} \textcolor{white}{dddd\\dddd}
\tiny
\begin{table}[!ht]
\centering
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{| l | c | c | c |} \hline \tiny
\textbf{Meas.} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\textbf{RMS jitter}} \\ \cline{2-4}
\textbf{at} & \textbf{1Hz-10Hz} & \textbf{1Hz-2kHz} & \textbf{1Hz-100kHz} \\ \hline
GM & 4.7~ps & 9.0~ps & 9.1~ps \\ \hline
SW 1 & 7.1~ps & 11.0~ps & 11.0~ps \\ \cline{1-4}
SW 2 & 8.8~ps & 14.0~ps & 14.0~ps \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
% \caption{Integrated RMS jitter in different regions of the spectrum.}
\label{tab:phaseNoise}
\end{table}%\vspace{-0.3cm}
\end{center}
\end{columns}\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{center}
\tiny Data from [15]
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\section{Conclusions}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Summary}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> Sub-ns accuracy and sub-10~ps precision out-of-the-box
\item<2-> Sub-10~ps accuracy and sub-100~fs precision achievable
\item<3-> Completely open source
\item<4-> Commercially available off-the-shelf
\item<5-> Standard-based and standard extending
\item<6-> Included in the revised IEEE1588
\item<7-> Showcase of technology transfer
% \item<8-> A versatile solution for general control and data acquisition
\begin{frame}{Test setup for switch with Low Jitter Daughterboard}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/rsz_experimental_setup.png}\\
\tiny See more: [16]
\end{center}
% \item<1-> Sub-ns accuracy and sub-10ps precision out-of-the-box
% \item<2-> Sub-10ps accuracy and sub-100fs precision achievable
% \item<3-> Open source (H/W \& S/W) with commercial support
% \item<4-> Standard-compatible and standard-extending
% \item<5-> Standardised within upcoming revision of IEEE1588
% \item<6-> A versatile solution for general control and data acquisition
% \item<7-> More applications than ever expected
\end{itemize}
% \pause
%For more information see http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki
\end{frame}
%
% \begin{frame}{Improvements for GM: PM noise and Modified ADEV}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/pn.png}
% \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/mdev.png}
% \end{center}
% \begin{itemize}\scriptsize
% \item Jitter improvement: 9ps to $<$2ps RMS 10Hz-100kHz
% \item ADEV improvement: 1.4E-11 to $<$5E-13 $\tau$=1s ENBW 50Hz
% \end{itemize}
% \end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Switch with LJD: PM noise and Modified ADEV}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{frame}{Thanks!}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/GM+BC_pn.jpg}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/GM+BC_MDEV.jpg}
\includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{misc/WR-team-Barcelona-cropped-scaled.jpg}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Jitter improvement [14, 16]
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item GM: 9~ps to 1~ps RMS 1~Hz--100~kHz
\item BC: 11~ps to $<2$~ps RMS 1~Hz--100~kHz
\end{itemize}
\item MDEV improvement [14, 16]
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item GM: 2E-12 to $<$5E-13 $\tau$=1~s ENBW 50Hz
\item BC: 4E-12 to $<$7E-13 $\tau$=1~s ENBW 50Hz
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
%\vspace{1cm}
\begin{center}\scriptsize
WR Project page: http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%
% \begin{frame}{RF over WR a.k.a. Distributed DDS [20]}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{applications/remote_dds.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \begin{block}{Distributed Direct Digital Synthesis}
% \begin{itemize}
% \item Replaces dozens of cables with a single fiber
% \item Works over big distances without degrading signal quality
% \item Can provide various clocks with a single, standard link
% \item At CERN, ongoing work to distribute 200 MHz RF with 0.25ps RMS jitter and $\pm$10ps accuracy
% \end{itemize}
% \end{block}
% \end{frame}
%
% \begin{frame}{Distributed oscilloscope [21]}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{applications/distr_oscill.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \begin{block}{}
% \begin{itemize}
% \item Common clock in entire network: no skew between ADCs
% \item External triggers can be time tagged with a TDC and used to reconstruct the original time base in the operator's PC
% \item Ability to sample with different clocks via Distributed DDS
% \end{itemize}
% \end{block}
% \end{frame}
\backupend
\end{document}
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