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White Rabbit
Commits
3122b29f
Commit
3122b29f
authored
Aug 01, 2018
by
Maciej Lipinski
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WRTD.jpg
figures/applications/CERN/WRTD.jpg
+0
-0
wrApplicationsOverview.bib
papers/ISPCS2018/wrApplicationsOverview.bib
+8
-7
wrApplicationsOverview.tex
papers/ISPCS2018/wrApplicationsOverview.tex
+18
-18
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figures/applications/CERN/WRTD.jpg
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3122b29f
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papers/ISPCS2018/wrApplicationsOverview.bib
View file @
3122b29f
...
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ optical fibre {LAN}, optical repeaters, Passive optical networks, {PHY}, physica
...
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ optical fibre {LAN}, optical repeaters, Passive optical networks, {PHY}, physica
address = "New York",
address = "New York",
}
}
@Misc{biblio:WRPTP,
@Misc{biblio:WRPTP,
author = "E.G. Cota and M. Lipi\'{n}ski and others",
author = "E. Cota and M. Lipi\'{n}ski and T. W\l{}ostowski and E. van der Bij and J. Serrano",
title = "{White Rabbit Specification: Draft for Comments}",
title = "{White Rabbit Specification: Draft for Comments}",
month = "July",
month = "July",
year = "2011",
year = "2011",
...
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ optical fibre {LAN}, optical repeaters, Passive optical networks, {PHY}, physica
...
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ optical fibre {LAN}, optical repeaters, Passive optical networks, {PHY}, physica
note = {\url{www.ohwr.org/documents/80}},
note = {\url{www.ohwr.org/documents/80}},
}
}
@phdthesis{biblio:MaciekPhD,
@phdthesis{biblio:MaciekPhD,
author = "Lipi
n
ski, Maciej",
author = "Lipi
\'{n}
ski, Maciej",
title = "{Methods to Increase Reliability and Ensure
title = "{Methods to Increase Reliability and Ensure
Determinism in a White Rabbit Network}",
Determinism in a White Rabbit Network}",
year = "2016",
year = "2016",
...
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ year={2018},
...
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ year={2018},
howpublished = {\url{indico.cern.ch/event/28233/contribution/1/material/slides/1.pdf}},
howpublished = {\url{indico.cern.ch/event/28233/contribution/1/material/slides/1.pdf}},
}
}
@Inproceedings{P1588-HA-enhancements,
@Inproceedings{P1588-HA-enhancements,
author={O. Ronen and M. Lipi
n
ski},
author={O. Ronen and M. Lipi
\'{n}
ski},
booktitle={ISPCS2015},
booktitle={ISPCS2015},
title={Enhanced synchronization accuracy in {IEEE1588}},
title={Enhanced synchronization accuracy in {IEEE1588}},
}
}
...
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ year = "2015",
...
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ year = "2015",
howpublished = {\url{www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-cores/wiki/wr-streamers}}
howpublished = {\url{www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-cores/wiki/wr-streamers}}
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{biblio:wr-cngs,
@INPROCEEDINGS{biblio:wr-cngs,
author={M. Lipi
n
ski and others},
author={M. Lipi
\'{n}
ski and others},
booktitle={Proceedings of ISPCS2012},
booktitle={Proceedings of ISPCS2012},
title={{Performance results of the first White Rabbit installation for CNGS time transfer}},
title={{Performance results of the first White Rabbit installation for CNGS time transfer}},
...
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ title={{Performance results of the first White Rabbit installation for CNGS time
...
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ title={{Performance results of the first White Rabbit installation for CNGS time
howpublished = "{\url{gitlab.cern.ch/BTrain-TEAM/Btrain-over-WhiteRabbit/wikis/home}}"
howpublished = "{\url{gitlab.cern.ch/BTrain-TEAM/Btrain-over-WhiteRabbit/wikis/home}}"
}
}
@Misc{biblio:WR-Btrain-status,
@Misc{biblio:WR-Btrain-status,
author = "Maciej Lipi
n
ski",
author = "Maciej Lipi
\'{n}
ski",
title = "{Real-Time distribution of magnetic field values using White Rabbit the FIRESTORM project}",
title = "{Real-Time distribution of magnetic field values using White Rabbit the FIRESTORM project}",
howpublished = {\url{www.ohwr.org/attachments/5795/BE-CO-TM-WR-BTrain.pdf}}
howpublished = {\url{www.ohwr.org/attachments/5795/BE-CO-TM-WR-BTrain.pdf}}
}
}
...
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ ISSN={},
...
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ ISSN={},
}
}
@ARTICLE{biblio:WR-ultimate-limits,
@ARTICLE{biblio:WR-ultimate-limits,
author={M. Rizzi and M. Lipi
n
ski and P. Ferrari and S. Rinaldi and A. Flammini},
author={M. Rizzi and M. Lipi
\'{n}
ski and P. Ferrari and S. Rinaldi and A. Flammini},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control},
title={{White Rabbit clock synchronization: ultimate limits on close-in phase noise and short-term stability due to FPGA implementation}},
title={{White Rabbit clock synchronization: ultimate limits on close-in phase noise and short-term stability due to FPGA implementation}},
year={2018},
year={2018},
...
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ month={Sept},}
...
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ month={Sept},}
}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{biblio:WR-characteristics,
@INPROCEEDINGS{biblio:WR-characteristics,
author={M. Rizzi and M. Lipi
ń
ski and T. Wlostowski and J. Serrano and G. Daniluk and P. Ferrari and S. Rinaldi},
author={M. Rizzi and M. Lipi
\'{n}
ski and T. Wlostowski and J. Serrano and G. Daniluk and P. Ferrari and S. Rinaldi},
booktitle={ISPCS2016},
booktitle={ISPCS2016},
title={{White Rabbit Clock Characteristics}},
title={{White Rabbit Clock Characteristics}},
year={2016},
year={2016},
...
...
papers/ISPCS2018/wrApplicationsOverview.tex
View file @
3122b29f
...
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
...
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
\title
{
White Rabbit Applications and Enhancements
\vspace
{
-0.4cm
}}
\title
{
White Rabbit Applications and Enhancements
\vspace
{
-0.4cm
}}
\author
{
\author
{
\IEEEauthorblockN
{
M. Lipi
\'
{
n
}
ski, E. van der Bij, J. Serrano, T. W
l
ostowski, G. Daniluk, A. Wujek, M. Rizzi, D. Lampridis
}
\IEEEauthorblockN
{
M. Lipi
\'
{
n
}
ski, E. van der Bij, J. Serrano, T. W
\l
{}
ostowski, G. Daniluk, A. Wujek, M. Rizzi, D. Lampridis
}
\IEEEauthorblockA
{
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
\vspace
{
-0.55cm
}}
\IEEEauthorblockA
{
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
\vspace
{
-0.55cm
}}
}
}
...
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ enhancements to the White Rabbit (WR) extension of the IEEE 1588 Precision Time
...
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ enhancements to the White Rabbit (WR) extension of the IEEE 1588 Precision Time
Initially developed to serve accelerators at the European Organization for
Initially developed to serve accelerators at the European Organization for
Nuclear Research (CERN), WR has become a widely-used synchronization solution
Nuclear Research (CERN), WR has become a widely-used synchronization solution
in scientific installations. This article classifies WR applications
in scientific installations. This article classifies WR applications
into five types, briefly explains each and describes example
into five types, briefly explains each and describes example
its
installations. The article then summarizes WR enhancements that have been triggered by
installations. The article then summarizes WR enhancements that have been triggered by
different applications and outlines WR's integration into the PTP standard.
different applications and outlines WR's integration into the PTP standard.
Based on the presented variety of WR applications and enhancements, it concludes
Based on the presented variety of WR applications and enhancements, it concludes
...
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ In most applications the Grandmaster is connected to a clock reference.
...
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ In most applications the Grandmaster is connected to a clock reference.
This typically is a Cesium or a Rubidium oscillator disciplined by a global
This typically is a Cesium or a Rubidium oscillator disciplined by a global
navigation satellite system (GNSS)
\cite
{
biblio:PolaRx4e
}
\cite
{
biblio:CS4000
}
\cite
{
biblio:GM-Meinberg
}
.
navigation satellite system (GNSS)
\cite
{
biblio:PolaRx4e
}
\cite
{
biblio:CS4000
}
\cite
{
biblio:GM-Meinberg
}
.
In such cases, the time and frequency transferred by WR are traceable to
In such cases, the time and frequency transferred by WR are traceable to
the International Atomic Time (TAI).
the International Atomic Time (TAI)
and the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
.
% Although all of WR applications are based on precise transfer of time and
% Although all of WR applications are based on precise transfer of time and
% frequency, most of these applications benefit from functionalities that are
% frequency, most of these applications benefit from functionalities that are
...
@@ -324,14 +324,14 @@ USA (NIST) and Italy (INRIM) have WR installations, see Table~\ref{tab:timelabs}
...
@@ -324,14 +324,14 @@ USA (NIST) and Italy (INRIM) have WR installations, see Table~\ref{tab:timelabs}
\textbf
{
Time
}
&
\textbf
{
Link
}
&
\textbf
{
Link
}
&
\textbf
{
Time
}
&
\textbf
{
Time
}
&
\textbf
{
Ref
}
\\
\textbf
{
Time
}
&
\textbf
{
Link
}
&
\textbf
{
Link
}
&
\textbf
{
Time
}
&
\textbf
{
Time
}
&
\textbf
{
Ref
}
\\
\textbf
{
Lab
}
&
\textbf
{
Length
}
&
\textbf
{
Type
}
&
\textbf
{
Error
}
&
\textbf
{
Stability
}
&
\textbf
{}
\\
\hline
\textbf
{
Lab
}
&
\textbf
{
Length
}
&
\textbf
{
Type
}
&
\textbf
{
Error
}
&
\textbf
{
Stability
}
&
\textbf
{}
\\
\hline
VTT
&
950~km
&
unidir. in DWDM
&
$
\pm
$
2ns
&
20ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES+VSL
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
VTT
&
950~km
&
unidir. in DWDM
&
$
\pm
$
2ns
&
20ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES+VSL
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
MIKES
&
50~km
&
bidir. on adjacent ITU DWDM channels
&
$
<
$
1ns
&
~
2ps@1s (*)
&
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES-50km
}
\\
\hline
MIKES
&
50~km
&
bidir. on adjacent ITU DWDM channels
&
$
<
$
1ns
&
$
\approx
$
2ps@1s (*)
&
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES-50km
}
\\
\hline
VSL
&
2x137~km
&
bidir. on CWDM (1470
\&
1490nm)(
\#
)
&
$
<
$
8ns
&
10ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES+VSL
}
\\
\hline
VSL
&
2x137~km
&
bidir. on CWDM (1470
\&
1490nm)(
\#
)
&
$
<
$
8ns
&
10ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES+VSL
}
\\
\hline
&
25~km
&
unidir. at 1541nm
&
150ps
&
1-2ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
&
25~km
&
unidir. at 1541nm
&
150ps
&
1-2ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
LNE-
&
25~km
&
bidir. at 1310
\&
1490nm
&
150ps
&
1-2ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
LNE-
&
25~km
&
bidir. at 1310
\&
1490nm
&
150ps
&
1-2ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
SYRTE
&
125~km
&
unidir. in the C-band or close OSC channel
&
2.5ns
&
1ps@1s (**)
&
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
SYRTE
&
125~km
&
unidir. in the C-band or close OSC channel
&
2.5ns
&
1ps@1s (**)
&
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
&
4x125~km
&
unidir. in the C-band or close OSC channel
&
2.5ns
&
5.5ps@1s (**)
&
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km
}
\\
\hline
&
4x125~km
&
unidir. in the C-band or close OSC channel
&
2.5ns
&
5.5ps@1s (**)
&
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km
}
\\
\hline
NIST
&
$
<
$
10~km
&
bidir. standard WR (1310
\&
1490nm
\cite
{
biblio:wr-sfps
}
)
&
below 200ps
&
20ps@1s
&
\cite
{
biblio:WR-NIST
}
\\
\hline
NIST
&
$
<
$
10~km
&
bidir. standard WR (1310
\&
1490nm
\cite
{
biblio:wr-sfps
}
)
&
below 200ps
&
20ps@1s
&
\cite
{
biblio:WR-NIST
}
\\
\hline
NPL
&
2x80~km
&
unidir. in DWDM
&
$
<
$
1ns
&
1-2
ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:NPL
}
\\
\cline
{
2-5
}
NPL
&
2x80~km
&
unidir. in DWDM
&
$
<
$
1ns
&
$
\approx
$
1.7
ps@1000s
&
\cite
{
biblio:NPL
}
\\
\cline
{
2-5
}
&
$
<
$
10~km
&
bidir. standard WR
&
$
<
$
1ns
&
1.5ps@1000s
&
\\
\hline
&
$
<
$
10~km
&
bidir. standard WR
&
$
<
$
1ns
&
1.5ps@1000s
&
\\
\hline
&
50~km
&
bidir. in WDM
&
800ps
$
\pm
$
56ps
&
&
\cite
{
biblio:WR-INRIM
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
&
50~km
&
bidir. in WDM
&
800ps
$
\pm
$
56ps
&
&
\cite
{
biblio:WR-INRIM
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
INRIM
&
70~km
&
bidir. in WDM
&
610ps
$
\pm
$
47ps
&
&
\cite
{
biblio:WR-INRIM
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
INRIM
&
70~km
&
bidir. in WDM
&
610ps
$
\pm
$
47ps
&
&
\cite
{
biblio:WR-INRIM
}
\\
\cline
{
2-6
}
...
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ accelerators and will control GSI's new Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
...
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ accelerators and will control GSI's new Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
control-information is delivered from a common controller to any of the controlled
control-information is delivered from a common controller to any of the controlled
subsystems in any of the accelerators within 500~
$
\mu
$
s. The most demanding of
subsystems in any of the accelerators within 500~
$
\mu
$
s. The most demanding of
these subsystems requires an accuracy of 1-5~ns. The controller, called Data Master,
these subsystems requires an accuracy of 1-5~ns. The controller, called Data Master,
is a WR node. The subsystems are either WR nodes or have a direct interface with WR
N
odes.
is a WR node. The subsystems are either WR nodes or have a direct interface with WR
n
odes.
All these WR nodes are connected to a common WR network that provides synchronization,
All these WR nodes are connected to a common WR network that provides synchronization,
delivers control-information from the Data Master to all subsystems as well as
delivers control-information from the Data Master to all subsystems as well as
between subsystems, and allows diagnostics.
between subsystems, and allows diagnostics.
...
@@ -498,10 +498,10 @@ challenging distributed measurements.
...
@@ -498,10 +498,10 @@ challenging distributed measurements.
The first application of WR was in the second run of the CERN Neutrinos to Gran
The first application of WR was in the second run of the CERN Neutrinos to Gran
Sasso (CNGS) experiment
\cite
{
biblio:wr-cngs
}
and required timestamping of
Sasso (CNGS) experiment
\cite
{
biblio:wr-cngs
}
and required timestamping of
events at the extraction and detection of neutrinos. Two WR
events at the extraction and detection of neutrinos. T
his allowed ToF detection. T
wo WR
networks were installed in parallel with the initial timing system: one at CERN and one in Gran Sasso. Each WR network consisted of a Grandmaster
networks were installed in parallel with the initial timing system: one at CERN and one in Gran Sasso. Each WR network consisted of a Grandmaster
WR switch connected to the time reference
\cite
{
biblio:PolaRx4e
}
\cite
{
biblio:CS4000
}
,
WR switch connected to the time reference
\cite
{
biblio:PolaRx4e
}
\cite
{
biblio:CS4000
}
,
a WR switch in the underground cavern and
a number of
WR nodes timestamping
a WR switch in the underground cavern and WR nodes timestamping
input signals. The measured timestamping performance of the deployed system over 1 month of
input signals. The measured timestamping performance of the deployed system over 1 month of
operation was 0.517 ns accuracy and 0.119 ns precision.
operation was 0.517 ns accuracy and 0.119 ns precision.
...
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ Once the trigger occurs, the information about the trigger (e.g. ID), along with
...
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ Once the trigger occurs, the information about the trigger (e.g. ID), along with
the timestamp, is sent over the WR network to other WR nodes, usually as a broadcast.
the timestamp, is sent over the WR network to other WR nodes, usually as a broadcast.
The deterministic characteristics of the WR network allows the calculation of the
The deterministic characteristics of the WR network allows the calculation of the
upper-bound latency for the message to reach all the WR nodes.
upper-bound latency for the message to reach all the WR nodes.
In order to make sure that all the "interested" nodes act upon the trigger
In order to make sure that all the "interested"
WR
nodes act upon the trigger
simultaneously, the delay between the input trigger and the time of execution
simultaneously, the delay between the input trigger and the time of execution
is set to be greater than the upper-bound latency.
is set to be greater than the upper-bound latency.
...
@@ -594,11 +594,11 @@ diagnostics of the LHC \cite{biblio:WR-LIST}\cite{biblio:WR-LIST-2}.
...
@@ -594,11 +594,11 @@ diagnostics of the LHC \cite{biblio:WR-LIST}\cite{biblio:WR-LIST-2}.
In the WRTD, there are a number of instruments capable of detecting
In the WRTD, there are a number of instruments capable of detecting
LHC instabilities and continuously acquiring data in circular buffers. Upon detection of instabilities, such a device generates a
LHC instabilities and continuously acquiring data in circular buffers. Upon detection of instabilities, such a device generates a
pulse that is timestamped by a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) integrated in
pulse that is timestamped by a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) integrated in
a WR
N
ode
\cite
{
biblio:fmc-tdc-5cha
}
, as depicted in Figure~
\ref
{
fig:WRTD
}
.
a WR
n
ode
\cite
{
biblio:fmc-tdc-5cha
}
, as depicted in Figure~
\ref
{
fig:WRTD
}
.
The timestamp produced by the TDC is broadcast over the WR network,
The timestamp produced by the TDC is broadcast over the WR network,
with a user-assigned identifier, allowing the unique identification of the source of the
with a user-assigned identifier, allowing the unique identification of the source of the
trigger. WR nodes interested in this trigger take its timestamp, add
trigger. WR nodes interested in this trigger take its timestamp, add
a fixed latency (300
$
\mu
s
$
) and produce a pulse at the calculated moment. This
a fixed latency (300
~
$
\mu
s
$
) and produce a pulse at the calculated moment. This
pulse is an input to a device that continuously acquires beam monitoring
pulse is an input to a device that continuously acquires beam monitoring
data in a circular buffer. These buffers are deep enough to accommodate the introduced
data in a circular buffer. These buffers are deep enough to accommodate the introduced
fixed latency so that they can be rolled back to provide diagnostic data of the
fixed latency so that they can be rolled back to provide diagnostic data of the
...
@@ -685,10 +685,10 @@ The original BTrain system uses coaxial cables to distribute pulses that indicat
...
@@ -685,10 +685,10 @@ The original BTrain system uses coaxial cables to distribute pulses that indicat
increase and decrease of the B-value. This method is now being upgraded to a
increase and decrease of the B-value. This method is now being upgraded to a
WR-based distribution of the absolute B-value and additional information
WR-based distribution of the absolute B-value and additional information
\cite
{
biblio:WR-Btrain-MM
}
. In this upgraded system B-values are transmitted
\cite
{
biblio:WR-Btrain-MM
}
. In this upgraded system B-values are transmitted
at 250~kHz (every
$
4
\mu
$
s) from the measurement WR node to all the other WR nodes
at 250~kHz (every
4~
$
\mu
$
s) from the measurement WR node to all the other WR nodes
that are integrated with RF cavities, power converters and beam instrumentation. In the most
that are integrated with RF cavities, power converters and beam instrumentation. In the most
demanding accelerator, SPS, the data must be delivered over 2 hops (WR switches)
demanding accelerator, SPS, the data must be delivered over 2 hops (WR switches)
with a latency of
$
10
\mu
s
\pm
8
ns
$
.
with a latency of
10~
$
\mu
$
s~
$
\pm
$
8~ns
.
The WR-BTtrain has been successfully evaluated in the PS accelerator where it has
The WR-BTtrain has been successfully evaluated in the PS accelerator where it has
been running operationally since 2017
\cite
{
biblio:WR-BTrain-RF
}
. By 2021, all
been running operationally since 2017
\cite
{
biblio:WR-BTrain-RF
}
. By 2021, all
...
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ In the RF transfer over WR Network schema, depicted in Figure~\ref{fig:RFoverWR}
...
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ In the RF transfer over WR Network schema, depicted in Figure~\ref{fig:RFoverWR}
\label
{
fig:RFoverWR
}
\label
{
fig:RFoverWR
}
\end{figure}
\end{figure}
a digital direct synthesis (DDS) based on the WR reference clock
a digital direct synthesis (DDS) based on the WR reference clock
signal (125MHz) is used to generate an RF signal in the WR master node. The generated RF signal is then compared by a phase detector to the
signal (125
~
MHz) is used to generate an RF signal in the WR master node. The generated RF signal is then compared by a phase detector to the
input RF signal. The error measured by the phase detector is an input to a
input RF signal. The error measured by the phase detector is an input to a
loop filter (e.g. Integral-Proportional controller) that steers the DDS to produce a signal identical to the RF input -
loop filter (e.g. Integral-Proportional controller) that steers the DDS to produce a signal identical to the RF input -
effectively locking the DDS to the input signal.
effectively locking the DDS to the input signal.
...
@@ -1189,23 +1189,23 @@ stability.
...
@@ -1189,23 +1189,23 @@ stability.
The frequency transfer over a WR network was characterized in
The frequency transfer over a WR network was characterized in
\cite
{
biblio:WR-characteristics
}
and its ultimate performance limits were
\cite
{
biblio:WR-characteristics
}
and its ultimate performance limits were
studied in
\cite
{
biblio:WR-ultimate-limits
}
. The studies
studied in
\cite
{
biblio:WR-ultimate-limits
}
. The studies
\cite
{
biblio:
WR-ultimate-limits
}
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES-50km
}
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km
}
\cite
{
biblio:
MIKES-50km
}
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km
}
\cite
{
biblio:WR-ultimate-limits
}
have shown that the performance of a WR switch currently commercially available can be
have shown that the performance of a WR switch currently commercially available can be
improved as follows:
improved as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\begin{itemize}
\item
Allan deviation (ADEV)
\textbf
{
from 1e-11 to 1e-12
}
(
$
\tau
=
1
s
$
),
\item
Allan deviation (ADEV)
\textbf
{
from 1e-11 to 1e-12
}
(
$
\tau
=
1
s
$
),
\item
Random jitter
\textbf
{
from 11 to 1.1~ps RMS
}
(
1~Hz to 100~kHz).
%(
integration bandwidth from 1~Hz to 100~kHz).
\item
Random jitter
\textbf
{
from 11 to 1.1~ps RMS
}
(integration bandwidth from 1~Hz to 100~kHz).
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
This prompted the development of the Low-Jitter Daughterboard
This prompted the development of the Low-Jitter Daughterboard
\cite
{
biblio:WR-LJD
}
, which improves the performance of the WR switch to 1e-12 without any
\cite
{
biblio:WR-LJD
}
, which improves the performance of the WR switch to 1e-12 without any
modifications to the WR-PTP Protocol, see
modifications to the WR-PTP Protocol, see
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES-50km
}
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km
}
\cite
{
biblio:WR-ultimate-limits
}
.
\cite
{
biblio:MIKES-50km
}
\cite
{
biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km
}
\cite
{
biblio:WR-ultimate-limits
}
.
The improved WR Switches are now commercially available
\cite
{
biblio:WR-LJD-switch
}
.
The improved WR Switches are now commercially available
\cite
{
biblio:WR-LJD-switch
}
.
A high performance low-jitter WR node is developed for the SPS's RF transmission
A high performance low-jitter WR node is developed for the SPS's RF transmission
achieving jitter of sub-100fs RMS from 100~Hz to 20~MHz
\cite
{
biblio:SPS-WR-LLRF
}
.
achieving jitter of sub-100
~
fs RMS from 100~Hz to 20~MHz
\cite
{
biblio:SPS-WR-LLRF
}
.
A WR node
\cite
{
biblio:SPEV7
}
to achieve stability of 1e-13 over 100 s is designed
A WR node
\cite
{
biblio:SPEV7
}
to achieve stability of 1e-13 over 100 s is designed
within the WRITE project
\cite
{
biblio:WRITE-2
}
.
within the WRITE project
\cite
{
biblio:WRITE-2
}
.
\subsection
{
Temperature Compensation
}
\subsection
{
Temperature Compensation
}
\label
{
sec:
}
\label
{
sec:
}
...
...
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