Commit 2d301712 authored by Javier Serrano's avatar Javier Serrano

First version of talk for OSHW-101 event

parent f75941f1
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......@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
% - Use the \inst command only if there are several affiliations.
% - Keep it simple, no one is interested in your street address.
\date[Future Leaders training] %(optional, should be abbreviation of conference name)
\date[OFE Open Source Policy Series] %(optional, should be abbreviation of conference name)
{Open Hardware 101: An Introduction for Policymakers\\
OFE Open Source Policy Series\\
17 June 2021
......@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
\end{frame}
\section[Intro to CERN]{Introduction to CERN}
\section[CERN]{Introduction to CERN}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Accelerators}
......@@ -156,137 +156,6 @@
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\section{Open Hardware}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Democratisation}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.85\textheight]{misc/ben_with_talon_beast.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{OSHW definition}
\begin{block}{Check out \href{http://www.oshwa.org/definition/}{http://www.oshwa.org/definition/}}
\begin{itemize}
\item Inspired by the Open Source definition for software
\item Focuses on ensuring freedom to study, modify, distribute, make
and sell designs or hardware based on those designs
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Challenges we saw in Open Hardware ten years ago}
\begin{itemize}
\item Curated repositories of \textbf{high-quality designs} with version control and
forums
\item Discussions with commercial companies on \textbf{business models}
\item \textbf{Free and Open Source Software tools} to design hardware and easily share
those designs
\item A sound legal basis for sharing in the form of a good set of \textbf{Open
Hardware Licences}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{The importance of FOSS tools for hardware design}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/sam_smith_kicad_v3.png}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\section{Open Hardware Licensing}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Software licensing: our starting point}
\begin{block}{Mostly copyright licences}
\begin{itemize}
\item Very uniform legal landscape worldwide
\item Modern licences also deal with patents
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Three licensing regimes}
\begin{itemize}
\item Permissive (BSD, MIT, Apache v2)
\item Weakly reciprocal (MPL v2, LGPL v3)
\item Strongly reciprocal (GPL v3, AGPL v3)
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Challenges in hardware licensing}
\begin{block}{Rights for hardware}
Copyright does not generally apply to physical objects
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Patents}
Much more prevalent in hardware than in software
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Reciprocity}
What should a reciprocal licence do for a hardware design? What is the scope
of reciprocity?
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{The hardware design ecosystem}
Dominated by proprietary tools, parts of which sometimes go into the design itself
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{The CERN Open Hardware Licence v2}
\begin{itemize}
\item Based on rights mainly applying to the design sources (e.g. circuit
schematics or CAD drawings)
\pause
\item Specifies conditions for:
\begin{itemize}
\item Copying designs
\item Modifying designs
\item Distributing modified or unmodified designs
\item Making hardware out of those designs
\item Distributing that hardware
\end{itemize}
\pause
\item Drafted by Myriam Ayass, Andrew Katz and Javier Serrano
\pause
\item Comes in three variants:
\begin{itemize}
\item CERN-OHL-P-2.0 (permissive)
\item CERN-OHL-W-2.0 (weakly reciprocal)
\item CERN-OHL-S-2.0 (strongly reciprocal)
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Challenges in hardware licensing}{How CERN OHL v2 deals with them}
\begin{block}{Rights for hardware}
CERN OHL v2 makes no assumption about rights
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Patents}
Two-way patent licensing clauses
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Reciprocity}
Have URL travel with object and use concepts of Product and Available
Component to establish limits of reciprocal obligations
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{The hardware design ecosystem}
Components which are shipped with design tools qualify as Available Components
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{CERN OHL v2 for PCB designs}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/cern_ohl_variants_pcb.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\section[White Rabbit]{White Rabbit}
\subsection{}
......@@ -296,17 +165,17 @@
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit: an \emph{extension} of Ethernet}
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit (WR): an \emph{extension} of Ethernet}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.5\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Standard Ethernet network
\item Ethernet features (VLAN) \& protocols (SNMP)
\end{itemize}
\item Standard Ethernet network with extensions for:
\begin{itemize}
\item \color{Blue}{Sub-ns synchronisation}
\item \color{Red}{Guaranteed (by design) upper bound in frame latency}
\item Sub-nanosecond synchronisation
\item Guaranteed (by design) upper bound in frame latency
\end{itemize}
\item Now standardised under IEEE 1588
\end{itemize}
\column{.6\textwidth}
......@@ -316,12 +185,6 @@
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{How do you make two distant places agree on time?}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=6.5cm]{protocol/ptp_exchange.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{White Rabbit Switch}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{switch/wrSwitch_v3_3.jpg}
......@@ -354,105 +217,261 @@
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit application examples}
\section{Our open-sourcing experience}
\subsection{What worked}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.7\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> \color<2->{black!50}{CERN and GSI}
\item<2-> \color<3->{black!50}{The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory}
\begin{frame}{Things we did right}
\item<3-> \color<4->{black!50}{KM3NET: European deep-sea neutrino telescope}
\item<4-> {MIKES: Centre for metrology and accreditation}
\end{itemize}
\begin{block}{Splitting our problem in two}
\begin{itemize}
\item A generic foundation and applications building on top of it
\item Triggered many applications in scientific world: particle
accelerators, neutrino telescopes, cosmic ray detectors\ldots
\item Then moved to metrology offices
\item Then to completely unrelated areas: power distribution, mobile
telephony, finance\ldots
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\column{0.45\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[width=0.80\textwidth]{applications/gsiANDcern.pdf}
\pause
\includegraphics<2>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/lhaaso.pdf}
\pause
\includegraphics<3>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/KM3NeT.pdf}
\pause
\includegraphics<4->[width=.5\textwidth]{applications/mikes.pdf}
\end{center}
\begin{frame}{Things we did right}
\begin{block}{Talking with commercial companies from day 1}
\begin{itemize}
\item Unlike in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), companies are not an
option in Open Source Hardware (OSHW)
\item Also gave us a very agile way of getting extra talent in the project
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Things to improve}
\begin{frame}{Things we can do better}
\begin{block}{Support requests: a burden for successful projects}
\begin{itemize}
\item Our initial vision of companies being paid for support did not materialise
\item WR experts asked lots of questions which they have to deal with
outside their day job
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{columns}
\pause
{\small More WR collaborators/users: \url{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/WRUsers}}
\begin{block}{Not enough global coordination}
\begin{itemize}
\item Management needs grew
\item Similar issue to that of developers: lack of time, which results in
missed opportunities, confusion and higher barriers to adoption
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Open source and the unexpected}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../../figures/applications/wr_other_apps.jpg}
\end{center}
\section{Public Core}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{The commons as ground to build upon}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{public_core/lifting_floor_for_everyone.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Open source and standardisation}
\begin{frame}{The time dimension}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{public_core/public_core_time_dimension.pdf}
\end{center}
\begin{block}{Benefits}
\begin{itemize}
\item Inertia!
\item Impact
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Issues}
\begin{itemize}
\item It takes a lot of effort
\item There is a fundamental tension between standard-essential patents and
reciprocal open source licences
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{The issue with patents}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{public_core/public_core_and_patents.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Some open questions}
\section{Public institutions}
\subsection{}
\begin{block}{How can Public Core deal with the issues WR experienced?}
\begin{itemize}
\item Formalise WR as a Collaboration with an Agreement
\item The Collaboration will bring in revenue (through certification,
training, consultancy\ldots) which will be used to pay labour
\item No-patent rule as part of the Agreement
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\begin{frame}{Public institutions}
\begin{block}{They serve the interests of a whole society}
\begin{itemize}
\item Try to maximise positive impact of decisions
\item Not always easy
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Can be ``tractor'' institutions}
\begin{itemize}
\item To help take projects to a mature state where they can
be sustained commercially
\item Liaising with other public institutions to reach
critical mass
\item Also with their procurement hat
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{What makes you think Public Core will work?}
\begin{itemize}
\item Experience elsewhere: the only refinement is the clear mapping
between public institutions and the open-source core
\item WR organically evolved this way without much guidance
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Public institutions}
\begin{block}{They often have it in their mandates to contribute to the commons}
\begin{itemize}
\item Pressure to self-finance can sometimes lead to proprietary
developments with less impact
\item It would help if somebody solved the impact tracking and retribution issues in
open-source
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\section{Conclusions and Outlook}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Conclusions}
\begin{block}{A useful technology\ldots}
\begin{itemize}
\item Very fine synchronisation is key in many sectors, not only basic science
\item WR's layered approach allow it to be easily repurposed
\item We went the extra mile and standardised it under IEEE 1588
(Precision Time Protocol), further fostering adoption
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{\ldots which maximised impact on society through open-source}
\begin{itemize}
\item The key feature of WR is not its precision but its openness
\item Open \textbf{and} commercial is the winning combination
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Public institutions}
\begin{block}{Introducing ``Public Core'' (and seeking feedback!)}
\begin{itemize}
\item Incentives in ``Open Core'' are not always conducive to an
ever-expanding open-source core
\item The actors in charge of the core must have an interest in seeing
it grow
\item Public institutions are natural candidates for such a role
\item Private companies can develop proprietary innovations at the
periphery and move further out as the core expands
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\begin{frame}{Outlook}
\begin{block}{Explore the combination of Public Core and a Collaboration Agreement}
\begin{itemize}
\item Bring in revenue
\item Ensure health of the open-source core
\item Provide for a thriving economy in the periphery
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Create a template for OSHW-based public/private partnerships}
\begin{itemize}
\item Prove commercial interests and OSHW can not only coexist but
reinforce each other
\item Prove that public institutions can be economic engines without
sacrificing their basic mission of contributing to the commons
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
WR will explore this path in the second part of 2021, stay tuned!
\end{frame}
%% \begin{frame}{White Rabbit application examples}
%% \begin{columns}[c]
%% \column{0.7\textwidth}
%% \begin{itemize}
%% \item<1-> \color<2->{black!50}{CERN and GSI}
%% \item<2-> \color<3->{black!50}{The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory}
%% \item<3-> \color<4->{black!50}{KM3NET: European deep-sea neutrino telescope}
%% \item<4-> {MIKES: Centre for metrology and accreditation}
%% \end{itemize}
%% \column{0.45\textwidth}
%% \begin{center}
%% \includegraphics<1>[width=0.80\textwidth]{applications/gsiANDcern.pdf}
%% \pause
%% \includegraphics<2>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/lhaaso.pdf}
%% \pause
%% \includegraphics<3>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/KM3NeT.pdf}
%% \pause
%% \includegraphics<4->[width=.5\textwidth]{applications/mikes.pdf}
%% \end{center}
%% \end{columns}
%% \pause
%% {\small More WR collaborators/users: \url{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/WRUsers}}
%% \end{frame}
%% \begin{frame}{Open source and the unexpected}
%% \begin{center}
%% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../../figures/applications/wr_other_apps.jpg}
%% \end{center}
%% \end{frame}
%% \begin{frame}{Open source and standardisation}
%% \begin{block}{Benefits}
%% \begin{itemize}
%% \item Inertia!
%% \item Impact
%% \end{itemize}
%% \end{block}
%% \pause
%% \begin{block}{Issues}
%% \begin{itemize}
%% \item It takes a lot of effort
%% \item There is a fundamental tension between standard-essential patents and
%% reciprocal open source licences
%% \end{itemize}
%% \end{block}
%% \end{frame}
%% \section{Public institutions}
%% \subsection{}
%% \begin{frame}{Public institutions}
%% \begin{block}{They serve the interests of a whole society}
%% \begin{itemize}
%% \item Try to maximise positive impact of decisions
%% \item Not always easy
%% \end{itemize}
%% \end{block}
%% \pause
%% \begin{block}{Can be ``tractor'' institutions}
%% \begin{itemize}
%% \item To help take projects to a mature state where they can
%% be sustained commercially
%% \item Liaising with other public institutions to reach
%% critical mass
%% \item Also with their procurement hat
%% \end{itemize}
%% \end{block}
%% \end{frame}
%% \begin{frame}{Public institutions}
%% \begin{block}{They often have it in their mandates to contribute to the commons}
%% \begin{itemize}
%% \item Pressure to self-finance can sometimes lead to proprietary
%% developments with less impact
%% \item It would help if somebody solved the impact tracking and retribution issues in
%% open-source
%% \end{itemize}
%% \end{block}
%% \end{frame}
%% \begin{frame}{Public institutions}
%% \begin{block}{Introducing ``Public Core'' (and seeking feedback!)}
%% \begin{itemize}
%% \item Incentives in ``Open Core'' are not always conducive to an
%% ever-expanding open-source core
%% \item The actors in charge of the core must have an interest in seeing
%% it grow
%% \item Public institutions are natural candidates for such a role
%% \item Private companies can develop proprietary innovations at the
%% periphery and move further out as the core expands
%% \end{itemize}
%% \end{block}
%% \end{frame}
\end{document}
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