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A: "Available Components" in CERN OHL play a similar role to "System Libraries" in GPL/LGPL. These are components that we assume people generally have access to. As such, people can recreate a Product by using CERN OHL licensed designs and getting these Available Components separately. A resistor is a typical example of an Available Component. In reciprocal licences such as CERN-OHL-W and CERN-OHL-S, it is important to clearly define the scope of the reciprocal obligations. The concept of Available Component is key in that regard. If you take a CERN OHL licensed design and modify the value of a resistor, you don't need to release the resistor design itself. This is because Available Components are excluded from the reciprocal obligation of releasing the sources. This makes the reciprocal licences more practical to work with, since many of these Available Components are proprietary and access to their design sources, and the right to distribute them, is very limited in most cases.
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Incidentally, the definition of "Available Component" is the only part where CERN-OHL-W and CERN-OHL-S differ. Under CERN-OHL-S, only physical parts (e.g. a resistor or an ASIC) qualify as Available Components. CERN-OHL-W allows both physical and non-physical parts (e.g. an HDL core) to qualify as an Available Component. So e.g. an FPGA design licensed under CERN-OHL-W can have proprietary cores in it, provided they are Available (e.g. they can be purchased by anybody).
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Incidentally, the definition of "Available Component" is one of the few places where CERN-OHL-W and CERN-OHL-S differ. Under CERN-OHL-S, only physical parts (e.g. a resistor or an ASIC) qualify as Available Components. CERN-OHL-W allows both physical and non-physical parts (e.g. an HDL core) to qualify as an Available Component. So e.g. an FPGA design licensed under CERN-OHL-W can have proprietary cores in it, provided they are Available (e.g. they can be purchased by anybody).
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