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@comment %**start of header
@documentlanguage en
@documentencoding ISO-8859-1
@setfilename wrpc.info
@settitle White Rabbit PTP Core
@iftex
@afourpaper
@end iftex
@paragraphindent none
@comment %**end of header

@setchapternewpage off

@set update-month August 2012
@set release 2.0
@set tagname wrpc-v2.0
@c WARNING: in @example I Can't use @value{tagname}, so please look for this
@c string when updating the document.

@finalout

@titlepage
@title White Rabbit PTP Core User's Manual
@subtitle @value{update-month} -- Release @value{release}
@subtitle Building and Running
@author Grzegorz Daniluk (CERN BE-CO-HT)
@end titlepage
@headings single

@c ##########################################################################
@iftex
@contents
@end iftex

@c ##########################################################################
@node Top
@top Introduction

This is the user manual for the White Rabbit PTP Core developed on 
@code{ohwr.org}. It describes the building and running process. If you don't
want to get your hands dirty and prefer to use the binaries available at 
@uref{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-cores/files} you can skip 
@ref{Building the Core} and move forward directly to 
@ref{Running and Configuring}.

@menu
* Software and hardware requirements::   
* Building the Core::
* Running and Configuring
* Known bugs and missing features::  
* Troubleshooting::             
* Questions, reporting bugs::
@end menu

@c ##########################################################################
@node Software and hardware requirements
@chapter Software and hardware requirements

@menu
* Repositories and Releases
* Hardware needed
@end menu

@c ##########################################################################
@node Repositories and Releases
@section Repositories and Releases

This version of the White Rabbit PTP Core is release @value{release}.
The code and documentation is distributed in the following places:

@table @code

@item http://www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-cores/documents

	This place hosts the pdf documentation for every official
        release.

@item http://www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-cores/files

	Here we place the @i{.tar.gz} file for every release,
        including the @i{git} tree and synthesized/compiled binaries

@item git://ohwr.org/hdl-core-lib/wr-cores.git

	Read-only repository with the complete HDL design of WRPC

@item git://ohwr.org/hdl-core-lib/wr-cores/wrpc-sw.git

  Read-only repository with the WRPC LM32 software (incl. WR PTP daemon)

@end table

Other tools useful in building and running WRPC can be fetched from the 
following locations:

@table @code

@item git://ohwr.org/misc/hdl-make.git

  @i{hdlmake} is used in the HDL synthesis process to build the Makefile based
on the set of Manifest files.

@item http://www.ohwr.org/attachments/download/1133/lm32.tar.xz

  LM32 toolchain used to compile the WRPC firmware (software).

@end table

The repositories containing the WRPC gateware and software (@i{wr-cores}, 
@i{wrpc-sw}) are tagged with @code{@value{tagname}} tag. Other tools
used to build the core and load it into SPEC board should be used in their
newest available versions stored in master branch of an appropriate git 
repository (unless specified otherwise in this document).

Any official hot fixes, if any, for this release will live in the branch called
@code{@value{tagname}-fixes}, in each WRPC repository.

@c ##########################################################################
@node Hardware needed
@section Hardware needed

The absolutely minimum hardware you need to build and run the White
Rabbit PTP Core is a PC computer with Linux and one Simple PCIe FMC Carrier
(SPEC) - @uref{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/spec}. However, it is recommended to 
use also the DIO FMC card (@uref{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/fmc-dio-5chttla})
for storing calibration values and configuration in EEPROM(described later). 
To test the White Rabbit synchronization, you will also need:
@itemize
@item second SPEC board with DIO FMC or White Rabbit Switch;
@item pair of SFP transceivers (AXCEN AXGE-1254-0531 and AXCEN AXGE-3454-0531
are recommended);
@item a roll of G652, single mode fiber to connect your SPECs or SPEC with WR
Switch.
@end itemize

@c ##########################################################################
@node Building the Core
@chapter Building the Core

Building the White Rabbit PTP Core is a two step process. First you have to
synthesize the FPGA firmware (gateware). This describes the hardware inside 
FPGA that is later used by LM32 software to perform WR synchronization.

To perform the steps below you will need a computer running Linux.

@menu
* HDL synthesis
* LM32 software compilation
@end menu

@c ##########################################################################
@node HDL synthesis
@section HDL synthesis

Before running the synthesis process you have to make sure that your 
environment is set correctly. You need the Xilinx ISE Software with free 
WebPack license installed on a PC. It contains the script @i{settings32.sh} 
and @i{settings32.csh} (depending on the shell you use) that sets up all the
system variables required by Xilinx software. For default installation path the 
script is located in:

@example
  /opt/Xilinx/<version>/ISE_DS/settings32.sh
@end example

and has to be executed before other tools are used. The easiest way to ensure 
that @i{ISE}-related variables are set in the shell is to check if @i{$XILINX}
variable contains the path to your @i{ISE} installation directory.

@b{Note:} current version of @i{hdlmake} tool developed at CERN requires 
modification of @i{$XILINX} variable after @i{settings32} script execution. 
This (provided that the installation path for @i{ISE} is /opt/Xilinx/<version>) 
should look like this:

@example
  $ export XILINX=/opt/Xilinx/<version>/ISE_DS
@end example

@b{Note:} the Xilinx project file included in the WRPC sources was created with
Xilinx ISE 14.1. It is recommended to use the newest available version of ISE
software.

@sp 1
HDL sources for WR PTP Core can be synthesized with nothing more but Xilinx 
ISE software, but using @i{hdlmake} tool developed at CERN is much more 
convenient. It creates a synthesis Makefile and ISE project file based on the 
set of Manifest.py files deployed among directories inside @i{wr-cores} 
repository.

First, please clone the @i{hdlmake} repository from its location given in 
@ref{Repositories and Releases}:

@example
  $ git clone git://ohwr.org/misc/hdl-make.git <your_hdlmake_location>
@end example

and add the @i{hdlmake} binary location to your @i{$PATH} to be able to call 
it from any directory:

@example
  $ export PATH=<your_hdlmake_location>:$PATH
@end example

@b{Note:} the @i{hdlmake} usage instructions here are based on version 493ce82.
When there will be newer commits, they can be used but please be aware that its
execution parameters may change. In that case please refer to @i{hdlmake} 
documentation.

@sp 1
Having Xilinx ISE software and @i{hdlmake} you can clone the main WR PTP Core 
git repository and start building the FPGA bitstream. First, please create a 
local copy of the @i{wr-cores} in the preferred location on your system. This 
release is marked with @value{tagname} tag.

@example
  $ git clone git://ohwr.org/hdl-core-lib/wr-cores.git <your_wrpc_location>
  $ cd <your_wrpc_location>
  $ git checkout wrpc-v2.0
@end example

@b{Note:} alternatively you can get the release sources from the tarball 
available in @uref{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-cores/files}

@sp 1
The subdirectory which contains the main synthesis Manifest.py for SPEC board 
and in which you should perform the whole process is:

@example
  $ cd <your_wrpc_location>/syn/spec_1_1/wr_core_demo/
@end example

Executing @i{hdlmake} without any parameters will fetch other git repositories 
containing submodules essential for WRPC, and store their local copies to:

@example
  <your_wrpc_location>/ip_cores
@end example

After that, the actual synthesis is just the matter of executing the command:

@example
  $ make
@end example

just as in a regular software compilation process. This takes (depending on 
your computer speed) about 15 minutes and if you are lucky (i.e. there were no 
errors) it should create FPGA firmware in two files: @i{spec_top.bit} and 
@i{spec_top.bin}. The former can be downloaded to FPGA using Xilinx software 
(@i{Impact} or @i{Chipscope Pro}) and Xilinx Platform Cable. The latter can be 
used to program the Spartan 6 chip on SPEC using the kernel driver from 
@i{spec-sw} repository (usage example in @ref{Running and Configuring}).

@sp 1
If, on the other hand, you would like to clean-up the repository and rebuild 
everything from scratch you can use the following commands:
@itemize
@item @i{$ make clean} - removes all synthesis reports and log files;
@item @i{$ make mrproper} - removes spec_top.bin and spec_top.bit files;
@item @i{$ hdlmake clean} - removes all fetched repositories (modules) from 
                            @i{ip_cores} subdirectory.
@end itemize

@c ##########################################################################
@node LM32 software compilation
@section LM32 software compilation

To compile the LM32 software for White Rabbit PTP Core you will need to 
download and unpack the LM32 toolchain from the location mentioned already in 
@ref{Repositories and Releases}:

@example
  $ wget http://www.ohwr.org/attachments/download/1133/lm32.tar.xz
  $ tar xJf lm32.tar.xz -C <your_lm32_location>
@end example

Similar as with @i{hdlmake} in @ref{Building the Core}, you will need to add 
the LM32 toolchain binaries location to you @i{$PATH} to be able to call them 
from any directory:

@example
  $ export PATH=<your_lm32_location>/lm32/bin:$PATH
@end example

To get the release sources of WRPC software please clone the @i{wrpc-sw} git
repository tagged with @value{tagname} tag:

@example
  $ git clone git://ohwr.org/hdl-core-lib/wr-cores/wrpc-sw.git <your_wrpcsw_location>
  $ cd <your_wrpcsw_location>
  $ git checkout wrpc-v2.0
@end example

@b{Note:} alternatively you can get the release sources from the tarball 
available in @uref{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-cores/files}

@sp 1
The WRPC software repository contains a ptp-nosposix (that contains the WR PTP 
software daemon) in the form of a git submodule. Your fresh local copy cloned 
from @i{ohwr.org} has therefore the @i{ptp-noposix} directory empty. To fetch 
the ptp-noposix you have to execute the following git commands:

@example
  $ git submodule init
  $ git submodule update
@end example

First you have to compile the tools provided with WRPC software which are used
later during the software compilation:

@example
  $ cd tools
  $ make
  $ cd ..
@end example

Now you have everything that is needed to build the software for WRPC. Before 
compilation the decision can be made whether to turn on or not the software 
support for Etherbone core that is integrated inside WRPC gateware for SPEC 
board. By default it is disabled but can be turned on by setting the value of
@i{WITH_ETHERBONE} variable inside the Makefile. The compilation is made by 
a simple command without any additional parameters:

@example
  $ make
@end example

The resulting binary @i{wrc.bin} can be then used with the loader from 
@i{spec-sw} software package to program the LM32 inside the White Rabbit PTP 
Core (@ref{Running and Configuring}).

@c ##########################################################################
@node Running and Configuring
@chapter Running and Configuring

@menu
* Downloading firmware to SPEC
* Writing EEPROM and calibration
* Running the Core
@end menu


@c ##########################################################################
@node Downloading firmware to SPEC
@section Downloading firmware to SPEC

There is a Software support for the SPEC board project in @i{ohwr.org}. It 
contains a set of Linux kernel drivers and userspace tools written by 
Alessandro Rubini and Tomasz Wlostowski that are used to communicate with the 
SPEC board plugged into the PCI-Express port of the PC. 

The instructions in this section are based on commit 27b4ad9 of @i{spec-sw} 
repository and are limited to absolutely minimum required to load WRPC FPGA 
and LM32 firmware. The full manual for @i{spec-sw} can be found on: 
@uref{http://www.ohwr.org/attachments/download/1506/spec-sw-2012-08-08.pdf}. 
If there will be a newer version of SPEC software support you would like to
use, the up-to-date documentation can always be found in @i{doc/} subdirectory
of @i{spec-sw} git repository.

@sp 1
First, please clone the git repository of SPEC software support package and 
build the kernel driver and userspace tools:

@example
  $ git clone git://ohwr.org/fmc-projects/spec/spec-sw.git <your_specsw_location>
  $ cd <your_specsw_location>
  $ git checkout 27b4ad9
  $ make
@end example

Then you have to copy the @i{spec_top.bin} to /lib/firmware/fmc/. changing its
name:

@b{Note:} the commands below have to be executed with superuser rights

@example
  $ sudo cp <your_wrpc_location>/syn/spec_1_1/wr_core_demo/spec_top.bin \
        /lib/firmware/fmc/spec-demo.bin
@end example

and after that you are ready to load the @i{spec.ko} driver that configures the
Spartan 6 FPGA on SPEC with a given bitstream (make sure you are in 
<your_spacsw_location>:

@example
  $ sudo insmod kernel/spec.ko name=demo
@end example

To check if the FPGA firmware file was found by the driver and correctly loaded 
to FPGA the @i{dmesg} Linux command can be called. Among plenty of messages 
you should be able to find something very similar to:

@example
@noindent
  [99883.768214] spec_probe (device 0003:0000)
  [99883.768220] spec_probe: current 8639 (insmod)
  [99883.768248] spec 0000:03:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16
  [99883.768302] spec 0000:03:00.0: irq 49 for MSI/MSI-X
  [99883.768971] spec_load_files
  [99883.774842] spec_load_fpga: got binary file "fmc/spec-demo.bin", 
1485512 (0x16aac8) bytes
  [99883.966491] spec_load_submodule: load "fmc/spec-demo": 256
@end example

If everything went right up to this moment you can write the LM32 binary 
(@i{wrc.bin}) to the SPEC board. For this purpose, there is a @i{spec-cl} tool
in the @i{spec-sw} repository. Programming is done with the simple command 
below:

@example
  $ sudo tools/spec-cl <your_wrpcsw_location>/wrc.bin
@end example 

@sp 1
Now you should be able to start the Virtual-UART software (also a part of 
@i{spec-sw} package) that will be used to interact with the White Rabbit PTP 
Core Shell:

@example
  $ sudo tools/spec-vuart
@end example

If you are able to see the WRPC Shell prompt @i{wrc#} that means the Core is up
and running on your SPEC. Congratulations !


@c ##########################################################################
@node Writing EEPROM and calibration
@section Writing EEPROM and calibration

By default WRPC starts in WR Slave mode, uses the calibration values for 
Axcen AXGE-3454-0531 SFP and for release FPGA bitstream available in 
@i{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/wr-cores/files}. This might be fine for running
White Rabbit PTP Core for the first time and synchronizing it to WR Switch. 
There are however, two mechanisms that are useful when playing more with WRPC 
shell and different settings. 

@b{Note:} the examples below describe only a subset of WRPC Shell commands 
required to make a basic configuration and calibration. A full description of
all supported commands can be found in @ref{WRPC Shell commands}.

@sp 1
First, before making the configuration changes, it is recommended (but not 
obligatory) to stop the PTP daemon. Then, the debug messages from daemon would
not show up to the console while you will interact with the shell.

@example
  wrc# ptp stop
@end example
 
If your SPEC has any Mezzanine board plugged into the FMC connector (e.g. DIO,
Fine Delay, TDC...) then you can create a calibration database inside the FMC 
EEPROM. The example below presents the WRPC Shell commands which create an 
empty SFP database and add two Axcen transceivers with deltaTx, deltaRx and 
alpha parameters associated with them. Those SFPs are most widely used in WR
development and demonstrations:

@example
  wrc# sfp erase
  wrc# sfp add AXGE-1254-0531 46407 167843 73622176
  wrc# sfp add AXGE-3454-0531 46407 167843 -73622176
@end example

To check the content of the SFP database you can execute the @i{sfp show} shell
command. 

The calibration procedure of WRPC is limited to absolutely minimum and is fully
automatized. It measures the t2/t4 phase transition point and stores the value
into the FMC EEPROM so that the calibration would not have to be repeated every
time the Core starts. However, it is @b{*important*} to remember that this
calibration function should be executed only once but for @b{*every*} new FPGA
firmware synthesized form @i{wr-cores} repository:

@example
  wrc# ptp stop
  wrc# sfp detect
  wrc# sfp match
  wrc# calibration force
@end example

The example above detects the SFP transceiver plugged into the SPEC board, tries
to read its parameters from our newly created SFP database and forces the
calibration to be executed. The @i{force} argument is required since
@i{calibration} without any arguments tries first to read the t2/t4 phase
transition stored in EEPROM, and does not run the procedure if the value was
previously stored there. That is used to get the measured value and pass it to
PTP daemon before it starts (see init script examples).

@sp 1
The WR PTP Core's mode of operation (WR Master/WR Slave) can be set using the
@i{mode} shell command:

@example
  wrc# mode slave
or
  wrc# mode master
@end example

This stops the PTP daemon, changes the mode of operation, but does not start it
back automatically. Therefore after changing it you need to start the daemon
manually:

@example
  wrc# ptp start
@end example

@sp 2
One option is to type all those commands to initialize the WRPC software to the
required state every time the Core starts. However, you can also write your own
init script to FMC EEPROM and WRPC software will execute it each time it comes
back from the reset state (this also includes coming back from reset after
programming the FPGA and LM32). Building the simple script that reads the
detected SFP parameters and t2/t4 phase transition value from EEPROM, configures
the mode of operation to WR Slave and starts the PTP daemon is presented here:

@example
  wrc# init erase
  wrc# init add ptp stop
  wrc# init add sfp detect
  wrc# init add sfp match
  wrc# init add calibration
  wrc# init add mode slave
  wrc# init add ptp start
@end example

Almost exactly the same one can be used for running SPEC in WR Master mode. The
only difference would be of course @i{init add mode slave} vs. @i{init add mode
master}.

@c ##########################################################################
@node Running the Core
@section Running the Core

Having the SFP database, t2/t4 phase transition point and the init script 
created in @ref{Writing EEPROM and calibration} you can restart the WR PTP Core 
by reprogramming the LM32 software (with @i{spec-cl} tool) or by typing the 
shell command:

@example
  wrc# init boot
@end example

After that you should see the log messages that confirm the init script
execution:

@example
(...)
executing: ptp stop
executing: sfp detect
AXGE-3454-0531  
executing: sfp match
SFP matched, dTx=46407, dRx=167843, alpha=-73622176
executing: calibration
Found phase transition in EEPROM: 2384ps
executing: mode slave
SPLL_Init: running as Slave, 1 ref channels, 2 out channels
Locking PLL
executing: ptp start
wrc# SPLL_Init: running as Slave, 1 ref channels, 2 out channels
Enabling ptracker channel: 0
(...)
@end example

Now you should have the White Rabbit PTP Core running in WR Slave mode. The
Shell also contains the monitoring function which you can use to check the WR
synchronization status:

@example
  wrc# gui
@end example

The information is presented in a clear, auto-refreshing screen:

@sp 1
@center @image{wrpc_mon, 12cm,,wrpc sync monitor}
@sp 1

@b{Note:} the @i{Synchronization status} and @i{Timing parameters} in @i{gui} 
are available only in WR Slave mode. When running as WR Master, you would be 
able to see only the current date and time, link status, Tx and Rx packet 
counters, lock and calibration status.

@sp 1
If you have a DIO Mezzanine board placed on your SPEC, you can check the
synchronization quality by observing the difference between 1-PPS signals from
the WR Master and WR Slave. White Rabbit PTP Core generates 1-PPS signal to the
LEMO connector No. 1 on DIO Mezzanine. However, please remember to use
oscilloscope cables having the same length and type (with the same delay), or
take their delay difference into account in your measurements.

@c ##########################################################################
@node Troubleshooting
@chapter Troubleshooting

@b{My computer hangs on loading spec.ko driver.}

This will occur when you try to load the @i{spec.ko} kernel driver while your 
@i{spec-vuart} is running and trying to get messages from Virtual-UART's
registers inside WRPC. Please remember to quit @i{spec-vuart} before reloading
the driver.

@sp 1
@b{I want to synthesize WRPC but hdlmake does nothing, just quits without any
message.}

Please check if you have the Xilinx ISE-related system variables set correctly
(@i{settings32.sh} script provided by Xilinx sets them) and make sure you have
overwritten the @i{$XILINX} variable to:

@example
  $ export XILINX=/opt/Xilinx/<version>/ISE_DS
@end example

or similar, if your installation folder differs from default.

@sp 1
@b{WR PTP Core seems to work but I observe on my oscilloscope that the offset
between 1-PPS signals from WR Master and WR Slave is more than 1 ns.}

Run the t2/t4 phase transition value measurement procedure from the WRPC Shell:

@example
  wrc# ptp stop
  wrc# calibration force
@end example

and check if the oscilloscope cables you use have the same delays (or take the
delay difference into account in your measurements).

@sp 1
@b{I can see in the WRPC GUI that the servo cannot reach TRACK_PHASE state.}

Please stop the PTP daemon on your SPEC, read your SFP's parameters from SFP
database you have created in EEPROM and run the t2/t4 phase transition value
measurement procedure form WRPC Shell:

@example
  wrc# ptp stop
  wrc# sfp detect
  wrc# sfp match
  wrc# calibration force
@end example


@c ##########################################################################
@node Questions, reporting bugs 
@chapter Questions, reporting bugs

If you have found a bug, you have problems with White Rabbit PTP Core or one 
of the tools used to build and run it, you can write to our mailing list
@code{white-rabit-dev@@ohwr.org}


@c ##########################################################################
@page
@node WRPC Shell commands
@appendix WRPC Shell Commands

@multitable @columnfractions .5 .5
@item @code{pll init <mode> <ref_channel> <align_pps>} @tab manually run spll_init() 
function to initialize SoftPll
@item @code{pll cl <channel>} @tab check if SoftPLL is locked for the channel
@item @code{pll sps <channel> <picoseconds>} @tab set phase shift for the channel
@item @code{pll gps <channel>} @tab get current and target phase shift for the channel
@item @code{pll start <channel>} @tab start SoftPLL for the channel
@item @code{pll stop <channel>} @tab stop SoftPLL for the channel
@item @code{pll sdac <index> <val>} @tab set the dac
@item @code{pll gdac <index>} @tab get dac's value

@item @code{gui} @tab starts GUI WRPC monitor

@item @code{stat} @tab prints one line log message
@item @code{stat cont} @tab prints log message for each second (Esc to exit back to shell)

@item @code{ptp start} @tab start WR PTP daemon
@item @code{ptp stop} @tab stops WR PTP daemon

@item @code{mode} @tab prints available WR PTP modes
@item @code{mode grandmaster} @tab sets WRPC to operate as Grandmaster clock (requires external 10MHz and 1-PPS reference)(*)
@item @code{mode master} @tab sets WRPC to operate as Free-running Master(*)
@item @code{mode slave} @tab sets WRPC to operate as Slave node(*)

@item @code{calibration} @tab tries to read t2/4 phase transition from EEPROM, if not found runs calibration procedure
@item @code{calibration force} @tab starts calibration procedure that measures t2/4 phase transition, and stores the result to EEPROM

@item @code{time} @tab prints current time from WRPC
@item @code{time raw} @tab  prints current time in a raw format (seconds, nanoseconds)
@item @code{time set <sec> <nsec>} @tab sets WRPC time

@item @code{sfp detect} @tab prints the ID of currently used SFP transceiver
@item @code{sfp erase} @tab cleans the SFP database stored in FMC EEPROM
@item @code{sfp add <ID> <deltaTx> <deltaRx> <alpha>} @tab stores calibration parameters for SFP to the database in FMC EEPROM
@item @code{sfp show} @tab prints all SFP transceivers stored in database
@item @code{sfp match} @tab tries to get calibration parameters from database for currently used SFP transceiver(**)

@item @code{init erase} @tab cleans initialization script in FMC EEPROM
@item @code{init add <cmd>} @tab adds shell command at the end of initialization script
@item @code{init show} @tab prints all commands from the script stored in EEPROM
@item @code{init boot} @tab executes the script stored in FMC EEPROM (the same action is done automatically when WRPC starts after resetting LM32)

@item @code{mac get} @tab prints WRPC's MAC address
@item @code{mac getp} @tab re-generates MAC address from 1-wire digital thermometer or EEPROM
@item @code{mac set <mac>} @tab sets the MAC address of WRPC
@item @code{mac setp <mac>} @tab sets MAC address to the 1-wire EEPROM (if available)

@item @code{sdb} @tab prints devices connected to the Wishbone bus inside WRPC

@item @code{ip get} @tab prints the IPv4 address of the WRPC(***)
@item @code{ip set <ip>} @tab sets the IPv4 address of the WRPC(***)

@end multitable

  * after executing _mode_ command, _ptp start_ is required to start WR PTP 
daemon in new mode

 ** requires running _sfp detect_ first

*** available only with Etherbone support compiled in



@c ##########################################################################
@bye

@c  LocalWords:  gnudd titlepage iftex texinfo CERN documentlanguage settitle
@c  LocalWords:  documentencoding setfilename afourpaper paragraphindent FPGA
@c  LocalWords:  setchapternewpage finalout gateware ohwr modprobe insmod cset
@c  LocalWords:  smallexample ctrl timestamp fdelay struct spusa