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papers/ISPCS2018/wrApplicationsOverview.tex
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...@@ -324,15 +324,15 @@ USA (NIST) and Italy (INRIM) have WR installations, see Table~\ref{tab:timelabs} ...@@ -324,15 +324,15 @@ USA (NIST) and Italy (INRIM) have WR installations, see Table~\ref{tab:timelabs}
\textbf{Time} & \textbf{Link} & \textbf{Link } & \textbf{Time } & \textbf{Time} & \textbf{Ref} \\ \textbf{Time} & \textbf{Link} & \textbf{Link } & \textbf{Time } & \textbf{Time} & \textbf{Ref} \\
\textbf{Lab} & \textbf{Length } & \textbf{Type } & \textbf{Error} & \textbf{Stability} & \textbf{} \\ \hline \textbf{Lab} & \textbf{Length } & \textbf{Type } & \textbf{Error} & \textbf{Stability} & \textbf{} \\ \hline
VTT & 950~km & unidir. in DWDM & $\pm$2ns & 20ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:MIKES+VSL} \\ \cline{2-6} VTT & 950~km & unidir. in DWDM & $\pm$2ns & 20ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:MIKES+VSL} \\ \cline{2-6}
MIKES & 50~km & bidir. on adjacent ITU DWDM channels & $<$1ns & ~2e-12@1s (*) & \cite{biblio:MIKES-50km} \\ \hline MIKES & 50~km & bidir. on adjacent ITU DWDM channels & $<$1ns & ~2ps@1s (*) & \cite{biblio:MIKES-50km} \\ \hline
VSL & 2x137~km & bidir. on CWDM (1470\&1490nm)(\#) & $<$8ns & 10ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:MIKES+VSL} \\ \hline VSL & 2x137~km & bidir. on CWDM (1470\&1490nm)(\#) & $<$8ns & 10ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:MIKES+VSL} \\ \hline
& 25~km & unidir. at 1541nm & 150ps & 1-2ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km} \\ \cline{2-6} & 25~km & unidir. at 1541nm & 150ps & 1-2ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km} \\ \cline{2-6}
LNE- & 25~km & bidir. at 1310\&1490nm & 150ps & 1-2ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km} \\ \cline{2-6} LNE- & 25~km & bidir. at 1310\&1490nm & 150ps & 1-2ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km} \\ \cline{2-6}
SYRTE & 125~km & unidir. in the C-band or close OSC channel & 2.5ns & 1ps@1s (**) & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km} \\ \cline{2-6} SYRTE & 125~km & unidir. in the C-band or close OSC channel & 2.5ns & 1ps@1s (**) & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km} \\ \cline{2-6}
& 4x125~km & unidir. in the C-band or close OSC channel & 2.5ns & 5.5ps@1s (**) & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km} \\ \hline & 4x125~km & unidir. in the C-band or close OSC channel & 2.5ns & 5.5ps@1s (**) & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km} \\ \hline
NIST & $<$10~km & bidir. standard WR (1310\&1490nm \cite{biblio:wr-sfps})& below 200ps & 20ps@1s & \cite{biblio:WR-NIST} \\ \hline NIST & $<$10~km & bidir. standard WR (1310\&1490nm \cite{biblio:wr-sfps})& below 200ps & 20ps@1s & \cite{biblio:WR-NIST} \\ \hline
NPL & 2x80~km & unidir. in DWDM & $<$1ns & & \cite{biblio:NPL}\\ \cline{2-5} NPL & 2x80~km & unidir. in DWDM & $<$1ns & 1-2ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:NPL}\\ \cline{2-5}
& $<$10~km & bidir. standard WR & $<$1ns & & \\ \hline & $<$10~km & bidir. standard WR & $<$1ns & 1.5ps@1000s & \\ \hline
& 50~km & bidir. in WDM & 800ps $\pm$56ps& & \cite{biblio:WR-INRIM} \\ \cline{2-6} & 50~km & bidir. in WDM & 800ps $\pm$56ps& & \cite{biblio:WR-INRIM} \\ \cline{2-6}
INRIM & 70~km & bidir. in WDM & 610ps $\pm$47ps& & \cite{biblio:WR-INRIM} \\ \cline{2-6} INRIM & 70~km & bidir. in WDM & 610ps $\pm$47ps& & \cite{biblio:WR-INRIM} \\ \cline{2-6}
& 400~km & unidir. in DWDM & & & \cite{biblio:WR-INRIM-400km} \\ \hline & 400~km & unidir. in DWDM & & & \cite{biblio:WR-INRIM-400km} \\ \hline
...@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ is controlled by a "Bunch Clock" system\footnote{ ...@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ is controlled by a "Bunch Clock" system\footnote{
A "Bunch Clock" system generates a clock signal that is synchronous with particle bunches A "Bunch Clock" system generates a clock signal that is synchronous with particle bunches
circulating in a synchrotron or an accelerator.} circulating in a synchrotron or an accelerator.}
that delivers to accelerator subsystems a that delivers to accelerator subsystems a
$\approx$352 MHz RF signal and triggers initiating sequential actions synchronous $\approx$352~MHz RF signal and triggers initiating sequential actions synchronous
to the RF signal, such as to the RF signal, such as
"gun trigger", "injection trigger" or "extraction trigger"\footnote{ "gun trigger", "injection trigger" or "extraction trigger"\footnote{
"Gun trigger" initiates generation of an electron bunch at the LINAC input, "Gun trigger" initiates generation of an electron bunch at the LINAC input,
...@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ process. Apart from the 352~MHz signal, other frequencies are distributed, such ...@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ process. Apart from the 352~MHz signal, other frequencies are distributed, such
The current ESRF "Bunch Clock" system is being refurbished to use WR \cite{biblio:ESRF-WR}. The current ESRF "Bunch Clock" system is being refurbished to use WR \cite{biblio:ESRF-WR}.
The solution has passed a 6-months validation test in 2015. In 2016, a prototype system The solution has passed a 6-months validation test in 2015. In 2016, a prototype system
successfully injected successfully injected
bunches in the storage ring providing $<$10ps jitter. A system consisting bunches in the storage ring providing $<$10~ps jitter. A system consisting
of a WR switch and eight WR nodes is expected to be operational in July 2018. It of a WR switch and eight WR nodes is expected to be operational in July 2018. It
will be expanded to 41 WR nodes and 4-5 WR switches by 2020. will be expanded to 41 WR nodes and 4-5 WR switches by 2020.
The ESRF "Bunch Clock" system not only distributes a number of RF frequencies, The ESRF "Bunch Clock" system not only distributes a number of RF frequencies,
...@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ frequencies. ...@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ frequencies.
The radio-frequency transfer in CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) The radio-frequency transfer in CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS)
accelerator is also being upgraded to use WR. The SPS requires distribution accelerator is also being upgraded to use WR. The SPS requires distribution
of a 200~MHz RF signal with 0.25ps RMS jitter (100Hz to 100kHz) and an accuracy of $\pm$10ps. of a 200~MHz RF signal with 0.25~ps RMS jitter (100~Hz to 100~kHz) and an accuracy of $\pm$10~ps.
These requirements necessitate enhancements of WR. These requirements necessitate enhancements of WR.
% \section{WR Applications outside CERN} % \section{WR Applications outside CERN}
...@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ modifications to the WR-PTP Protocol, see ...@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ modifications to the WR-PTP Protocol, see
The improved WR Switches are now commercially available \cite{biblio:WR-LJD-switch}. The improved WR Switches are now commercially available \cite{biblio:WR-LJD-switch}.
A high performance low-jitter WR node is developed for the SPS's RF transmission A high performance low-jitter WR node is developed for the SPS's RF transmission
achieving jitter of sub-100fs RMS from 100Hz to 20MHz \cite{biblio:SPS-WR-LLRF}. achieving jitter of sub-100fs RMS from 100~Hz to 20~MHz \cite{biblio:SPS-WR-LLRF}.
A WR node \cite{biblio:SPEV7} to achieve stability of 1e-13 over 100 s is designed A WR node \cite{biblio:SPEV7} to achieve stability of 1e-13 over 100 s is designed
within the WRITE project \cite{biblio:WRITE-2}. within the WRITE project \cite{biblio:WRITE-2}.
\subsection{Temperature Compensation} \subsection{Temperature Compensation}
...@@ -1240,9 +1240,9 @@ On the 137~km bidirectional link in the Netherlands \cite{biblio:MIKES+VSL}, ...@@ -1240,9 +1240,9 @@ On the 137~km bidirectional link in the Netherlands \cite{biblio:MIKES+VSL},
dedicated optical amplifiers that work with bidirectional fibers are used in dedicated optical amplifiers that work with bidirectional fibers are used in
an attempt to overcome these limitation. The tests so far have shown $<$8~ns accuracy an attempt to overcome these limitation. The tests so far have shown $<$8~ns accuracy
while a new "in-site" calibration under development at VLS is expected to calibrate while a new "in-site" calibration under development at VLS is expected to calibrate
out this asymmetry (over a 2x 137~km link) to a few hundred picoseconds or less \cite{biblio:VLS-WR-insite-calib}. out this asymmetry (over a 2x137~km link) to a few hundred picoseconds \cite{biblio:VLS-WR-insite-calib}.
On the 950~km unidirectional link in Finland \cite{biblio:MIKES+VSL}, GPS precise point positioning On the 950~km unidirectional link in Finland \cite{biblio:MIKES+VSL}, GPS precise point positioning
(PPP) was used to calibrate asymmetry and achieve $\pm$2~ns accuracy. This was used to calibrate asymmetry and achieve $\pm$2~ns accuracy. This
method requires re-calibration after any disruption of the network. Laboratory method requires re-calibration after any disruption of the network. Laboratory
tests of a 500~km WR connection using five cascaded WR devicies and four 125~km unidirectional tests of a 500~km WR connection using five cascaded WR devicies and four 125~km unidirectional
links showed a 2.5~ns peak-to-peak time error \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km}. links showed a 2.5~ns peak-to-peak time error \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km}.
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