Commit f004f7aa authored by Javier Serrano's avatar Javier Serrano

First version of slides for HPTD meeting

parent ef1c83d3
all : wr_hptd_2018_06.pdf
.PHONY : all clean
wr_hptd_2018_06.pdf : wr_hptd_2018_06.tex
pdflatex $^
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Title Page Info %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\title[White Rabbit\hspace{3em}\insertframenumber/\inserttotalframenumber]{White Rabbit}
\author{Javier Serrano}
\institute{CERN BE-CO\\Hardware and Timing section}
\date[26 June 2018]{High-Precision Timing Distribution meeting\\Geneva, 26 June 2018}
\AtBeginSection[]
{
\begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline}
\tableofcontents[currentsection]
\end{frame}
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Begin Your Document %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
%\setbeamertemplate{caption}{\raggedright\insertcaption\par}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\frame{\titlepage}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{}
%=======================
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{What is White Rabbit?}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.8\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Renovation of accelerator's control and timing
\item Based on well-known technologies
\item Open Hardware and Open Software with commercial support
\item International collaboration
\item Many users: CERN, GSI, KM3NET, cosmic ray detectors, metrology labs...
\end{itemize}
\column{0.3\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{logo/WRlogo.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Why we use Open Hardware ?}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{ohwr/commercial_and_open.pdf}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize}
\item Get a design just the way we want it
\item Peer review and design re-use
\item Healthier relationship with companies
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit: an \emph{extension} of Ethernet}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.5\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Standard Ethernet network
\item Ethernet features (VLAN) \& protocols (SNMP)
\end{itemize}
\begin{itemize}
\item \color{Blue}{Sub-ns synchronisation}
\item \color{Red}{Guaranteed (by design) upper bound in frame latency}
\end{itemize}
\column{.6\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=1.05\textwidth]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit application examples}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.7\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> \color<2->{black!50}{CERN and GSI}
\item<2-> \color<3->{black!50}{HiSCORE: Gamma\&Cosmic-Ray experiment}
\item<3-> \color<4->{black!50}{The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory}
\item<4-> \color<5->{black!50}{MIKES: Centre for metrology and accreditation}
\item<5-> {KM3NET: European deep-sea neutrino telescope}
\end{itemize}
\column{0.45\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[width=0.80\textwidth]{applications/gsiANDcern.pdf}
\pause
\includegraphics<2>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/tunka.pdf}
\pause
\includegraphics<3>[width=1\textwidth]{applications/lhaaso.pdf}
\pause
\includegraphics<4>[width=.7\textwidth]{applications/mikes.pdf}
\pause
\includegraphics<5->[width=1\textwidth]{applications/KM3NeT.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\pause
{\small More WR collaborators: \url{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/WRUsers}}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Technology}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit technology}
\begin{block}{Based on}
\begin{itemize}
\item Gigabit Ethernet over fibre
\item IEEE-1588 protocol
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Enhanced with}
\begin{itemize}
\item Layer 1 syntonisation
\item Digital Dual Mixer Time Difference (DDMTD)
\item Link delay model
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588)}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.4\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=5cm]{protocol/ptp_exchange.pdf}
\end{center}
\column{.75\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Frame-based synchronisation protocol.
\item Simple calculations:
\begin{itemize}
\item link $delay_{ms}$ $\delta_{ms} = \frac{(t_{4}-t_{1}) - (t_{3}-t_{2})}{2}$
\item clock $offset_{ms} = t_{2} - (t_{1} + \delta_{ms})$
\end{itemize}
\item<2> Disadvantages
\begin{itemize}
\item assumes symmetry of medium
\item all nodes have free-running oscillators
\item frequency drift compensation vs. message exchange traffic
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Layer 1 Syntonisation}
%\begin{block}{Common clock for the entire network}
\begin{itemize}
\item All network devices use the same physical layer clock.
\item Clock is encoded in the Ethernet carrier and recovered by the receiver chip.
\item Phase detection allows sub-ns delay measurement.
\end{itemize}
%\end{block}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=4.5cm]{misc/synce_v3.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Digital Dual Mixer Time Difference}{DDMTD}
\begin{itemize}
\item Used for precise phase measurements
\item Implemented in FPGA and SoftPLL
\item 62.5MHz WR clock and N=14 results in 3.814kHz output signals
\end{itemize}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/dmtd_2N.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Link delay model}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{calibration/link-model.pdf}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize}
\item static hardware delays: $\Delta_{TXM}$, $\Delta_{RXM}$, $\Delta_{TXS}$, $\Delta_{RXS}$
\item semi-static hardware delays: $\epsilon_M$, $\epsilon_S$
\item fibre asymmetry coefficient: $\alpha = \frac{\delta_{MS} - \delta_{SM}}{\delta_{SM}}$
\end{itemize}
\pause
\begin{block}{}
Calibration procedure to find $\Delta_{TXM}$, $\Delta_{RXM}$,
$\Delta_{TXS}$, $\Delta_{RXS}$ and $\alpha$.
\end{block}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Equipment}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Typical WR network}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{White Rabbit Switch}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{switch/wrSwitch_v3_3.jpg}
\begin{itemize}
\item Central element of WR network
\item 18 port gigabit Ethernet switch with WR features
\item Optical transceivers: up to 10km, single-mode fiber
\item Fully open design, commercially available
\end{itemize}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Simplified block diagram of the hardware}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{switch/switch3_4_simple_diagram_h.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Simplified block diagram of the gateware}
\begin{center}
\begin{adjustwidth}{-1.5em}{-1.5em}
\includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{switch/switch_hdl_simple.pdf}
\end{adjustwidth}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{WR Node: SPEC board}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{node/spec.jpg}
\end{center}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.01\textwidth}
\column{.98\textwidth}
\begin{block}{FMC-based Hardware Kit}
\begin{itemize}
% \item Carrier boards in PCI-Express, VME, PXIe
\item All carrier cards are equipped with a White Rabbit port.
\item Mezzanines can use the accurate clock signal and ``TAI''
\\ (synchronous sampling clock, trigger time tag, ...).
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\column{.01\textwidth}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit PTP Core}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{node/wrpc_inside-v3-0.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\section{Performance}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{WR time transfer performance: basic test setup}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=7.0cm]{measurements/meas_setup.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{WR time transfer performance: test results}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{measurements/meas_results2.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\frame{\frametitle{An aside: PLL block diagram}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/pll_model.pdf}
}
\frame{\frametitle{An aside: PLL transfer functions}
\begin{block}{Total output phase spectrum}
$ \Phi_o(s) = H(s) \cdot \Phi_i(s) + E(s) \cdot \Phi_n(s) $
\end{block}
\begin{block}{System transfer function (low pass)}
$ H(s) = \frac{K_{VCO} K_d F(s)}{s + K_{VCO} K_d F(s)} $
\end{block}
\begin{block}{Error transfer function (high pass)}
$ E(s) = 1 - H(s) = \frac{s}{s + K_{VCO} K_d F(s)} $
\end{block}
}
\frame{\frametitle{An aside: jitter optimisation}
\includegraphics[height=0.7\textwidth]{misc/pll_psd.pdf}
}
\begin{frame}{Test setup for 10MHz switch output}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/rsz_experimental_setup.png}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{WR switch clocking scheme}{Thanks to Mattia Rizzi for the work and
the figures in this section}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{switch/wrs_v3_3_clocking.png}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{MMCM noise}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=.7\textheight]{switch/mmcm_noise.png}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{WR Switch: low jitter daughterboard}
\begin{columns}
\column{.35\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=.8\textheight, angle=90]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/rsz_3d_image__1_.jpg}
\column{.65\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Current release of WRS in GM mode has sub-optimal performance on both jitter (9ps RMS 1Hz-100kHz) and ADEV (1.4E-11 $\tau$=1s ENBW 50Hz)
\item A daughterboard was designed, produced and tested to improve the performance
\item Modified WRS improves performance on both jitter ($<$2ps RMS 10Hz-100kHz) and ADEV ($<$5E-13 $\tau$=1s ENBW 50Hz) in GM mode
\end{itemize}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Test Results in GM mode: PM noise}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=.85\textheight]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/pn.png}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Test Results in GM mode: Modified ADEV}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=.85\textheight]{measurements/WRSlowJitter/mdev.png}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\section{Current developments}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Current developments}
\begin{block}{Switches and nodes are commercially available}
Work now revolves around better diagnostics and remote management of WR
networks as well as improving the phase noise and performing extensive network stress tests.
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Standardisation}
IEEE 1588 revision process is ongoing and contains a sub-committee (High
Accuracy) dedicated to White Rabbit. Revised standard expected in 2019.
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Robustness}
Based on redundant information and fast switch-over between
redundant fibres and switches.
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Ethernet Clock distribution a.k.a. Distributed DDS}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{applications/remote_dds.pdf}
\end{center}
\begin{block}{Distributed Direct Digital Synthesis}
\begin{itemize}
\item Replaces dozens of cables with a single fiber.
\item Works over big distances without degrading signal quality.
\item Can provide various clocks (RF of many rings and linacs)
with a single, standard link.
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Distributed oscilloscope}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{applications/distr_oscill.pdf}
\end{center}
\begin{block}{}
\begin{itemize}
\item Common clock in entire network: no skew between ADCs.
\item Ability to sample with different clocks via Distributed DDS.
\item External triggers can be time tagged with a TDC and used to reconstruct the original time base in the operator's
PC.
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\section{Conclusions}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Summary}
\begin{itemize}
\item Scientific, open (H/W \& S/W), with commercial support
\pause
\item More applications than ever expected
\pause
\item A versatile solution for general control and data acquisition
\pause
\item Standard-compatible and standard-extending
\pause
\item Active participation in IEEE1588 revision process
\end{itemize}
% \pause
%For more information see http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Need more information?}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=4.0cm]{misc/white_rabbit_end.png}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
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