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White Rabbit
Commit 35982582 authored by Javier Serrano's avatar Javier Serrano
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Short WR presentation for CERN-UK Quantum Hubs

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presentations/WR_Quantum_Hubs_2021_05/wr_quantum_hubs_2021_05.tex 0 → 100644
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\documentclass[compress, red]{beamer}
\mode<presentation>
\usepackage{etex}
\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
%\usepackage{pgfpages}
%\usepackage{listings}
\usetheme{Warsaw}
% define your own colors:
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\definecolor{Blue}{rgb}{0,0,1}
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% include packages
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[all]{xy}
%\xyoption{arc}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{multimedia}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{helvet}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\newcommand{\backupbegin}{
\newcounter{framenumberappendix}
\setcounter{framenumberappendix}{\value{framenumber}}
}
\newcommand{\backupend}{
\addtocounter{framenumberappendix}{-\value{framenumber}}
\addtocounter{framenumber}{\value{framenumberappendix}}
}
\graphicspath{ {../../figures/} }
\usepackage[font=small,skip=0pt]{caption}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty,labelsep=none}
%\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{5pt plus 3pt minus 2pt}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Title Page Info %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\title[White Rabbit \hspace{18em}\insertframenumber/\inserttotalframenumber]{White Rabbit}
\subtitle{A short introduction}
% \author[CERN\hspace{17em} Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski]{Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski}
% \author[European Organization for Nuclear Research $\mid$ Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski]{Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski}
% \author[Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski $\mid$ European Organization for Nuclear Research]{Maciej Lipi\'{n}ski}
\author[Javier Serrano $\mid$ CERN BE-CEM-EDL]{Javier Serrano}
\institute{European Organisation for Nuclear Research\\(CERN)}
\date[18 May 2021]{CERN-UK Quantum Hubs \vspace{0.5cm}\\18 May 2021}
\AtBeginSection[]
{
\begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline}
\tableofcontents[currentsection]
\end{frame}
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Begin Your Document %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
%\setbeamertemplate{caption}{\raggedright\insertcaption\par}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\frame{\titlepage}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
\section[Intro to WR]{Introduction to White Rabbit}
\subsection{}
%=======================
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{What is White Rabbit?}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.65\textwidth}
\footnotesize
% \textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> Initiated to renovate CERN's and GSI's accelerator
timing system
\item<2-> \textbf{Based on well-established standards}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item <3->Ethernet \textcolor{gray}{(IEEE 802.3)}
\item <3->Bridged Local Area Network \textcolor{gray}{(IEEE 802.1Q)}
\item <4->Precision Time Protocol \textcolor{gray}{(IEEE 1588)}
\end{itemize}
\item<6->Extends standards to meet new requirements and provides
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \color{blue!90}{\textbf{Sub-ns synchronisation}}
\item \color{red}{Deterministic data transfer}
\end{itemize}
\item<7-> Initial specs: links $\leq$10~km \& $\leq$2000 nodes
% \item<7-> Initial network specification:
% \begin{itemize}\scriptsize
% \item Fiber links length: $\leq$10~km
% \item Number of nodes: $\leq$2000
% \end{itemize}
\item<8-> \textbf{Open Source and commercially available}
% \item<9-> Many users worldwide, inc. metrology labs...
\end{itemize}
% \textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
% \textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
\textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
\column{0.55\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1-2>[height=0.7\textheight]{p1588/PTPv3_blank.jpg}
\includegraphics<3>[height=0.7\textheight]{misc/LAN.jpg}
\includegraphics<4>[height=0.7\textheight]{misc/ieee-1588-ptp-example.jpg}
\includegraphics<5>[height=0.7\textheight]{network/WR_network-ethernet.pdf}
\includegraphics<6->[height=0.7\textheight]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro_without_10km.pdf}
% \includegraphics<3>[width=0.85\textwidth]{misc/LAN.jpg}
% \includegraphics<4>[width=0.8\textwidth]{misc/ieee-1588-ptp-example.jpg}
% \includegraphics<5>[width=1.0\textwidth]{network/WR_network-ethernet.pdf}
% \includegraphics<6->[width=1.0\textwidth]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro-v2.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{columns}%\small\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause\pause
% \url{https://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Open \textbf{and} commercially available off-the-shelf}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{misc/WR-zoo.jpg}\vspace{-1cm}
\begin{center}
\small
\textbf{Companies selling White Rabbit:} \url{www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/wrcompanies}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\section{Technology}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit technology - sub-ns synchronisation}
\begin{block}{Based on}
\begin{itemize}
\item IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol \\ on Gigabit Ethernet over fibre
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Enhanced with}
\begin{itemize}
\item Layer 1 syntonisation
\item Digital Dual Mixer Time Difference (DDMTD)
\item Link delay model
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\section{Equipment}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Typical WR network}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{network/wr_network-enhanced_pro.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{White Rabbit Switch}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{switch/wrSwitch_v3_3.jpg}
\begin{itemize}\small
\item Central element of WR network
\item 18 port gigabit Ethernet switch with WR features
\item Default Optical transceivers: up to 10km, single-mode fibre
\item Fully open, commercially available from 4 companies
\end{itemize}
\end{center}
\begin{center}\scriptsize
NOTE: Work started on a new WR switch with 10 Gigabit Ethernet
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% \begin{frame}{Open \textbf{and} commercially available off-the-shelf}
%% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/WR-zoo.jpg}
%% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{WR Node: carrier board + FMC}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{node/shw_kit2.png}
\end{center}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.01\textwidth}
\column{.98\textwidth}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\begin{block}{FMC-based Hardware Kit}
\begin{itemize}\small
% \item Carrier boards in PCI-Express, VME, PXIe
\item All carrier cards are equipped with a White Rabbit port
\item All carrier cards instantiate the WR PTP Core
\item Mezzanines can use the accurate clock signal and ``TAI''
\\ (synchronous sampling clock, trigger time tag, ...)
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\column{.01\textwidth}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Performance}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Time transfer: out-of-the-box}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=7.0cm]{measurements/meas_setup.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Time transfer: out-of-the-box}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{measurements/meas_results2.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{WR time \& frequency transfer: state of the art}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{measurements//RF-ertm_clka_100mhz_ocxo_250m_out-v2.png}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \textbf{GM-out to end-node-out}: accuracy of $<$\textbf{10~ps}
\item \textbf{GM-out to end-node-out}: jitter of $<$\textbf{100~fs} RMS 10~Hz--10~MHz
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\section{Applications}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Time-based control}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/CERN/Determinism+synchronization-1.jpg}
\includegraphics<2>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/CERN/Determinism+synchronization-2.jpg}
\includegraphics<3>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/CERN/Determinism+synchronization-3.jpg}
\includegraphics<4>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/CERN/Determinism+synchronization-4.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \subsection{Trigger distribution}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Trigger distribution}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.2cm}
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/CERN/WRTD.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \subsection{Fixed-latency data transfer}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Fixed-latency data transfer}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.2cm}
\includegraphics<1>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/Fixed-latency.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \subsection{Radio-frequency transfer}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Radio-frequency transfer}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{1.1\textwidth}
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.5cm}
\includegraphics<1>[width=1.05\textwidth]{applications/DDS-0.jpg}
\includegraphics<2>[width=1.05\textwidth]{applications/DDS-1.jpg}
\end{center}
\column{0.05\textwidth}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Conclusions}
\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Summary}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1-> Sub-ns accuracy and sub-10~ps precision out-of-the-box
\item<2-> Sub-10~ps accuracy and sub-100~fs precision achievable
\item<3-> Completely open source, very versatile
\item<4-> Commercially available off-the-shelf
\item<5-> Standard-based and standard-extending: included in the revised IEEE1588
% \item<7-> Showcase of knowledge and technology transfer
% \item<8-> A versatile solution for general control and data acquisition
% \item<1-> Sub-ns accuracy and sub-10ps precision out-of-the-box
% \item<2-> Sub-10ps accuracy and sub-100fs precision achievable
% \item<3-> Open source (H/W \& S/W) with commercial support
% \item<4-> Standard-compatible and standard-extending
% \item<5-> Standardised within upcoming revision of IEEE1588
% \item<6-> A versatile solution for general control and data acquisition
% \item<7-> More applications than ever expected
\end{itemize}
% \pause
%For more information see http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Thanks!}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{misc/WR-team-Barcelona-cropped-scaled.jpg}
\end{center}
%\vspace{1cm}
\begin{center}\scriptsize
WR Project page:
\href{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki}{http://www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\appendix
\backupbegin
\begin{frame}{Simplified block diagram of the WR switch}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{switch/switch3_4_simple_diagram_h.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{White Rabbit PTP Core}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textheight]{node/wrNode.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{WRS-4 HW specification}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.7\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Drop-in replacement for the WRS-3
\item HW prototype with 24 ports 1 \& 10 Gbps\\
\tiny
v4.1: 18-20@1Gb\\
v4.2: 20-24@1\&10 Gbps or\\\vspace{-0.1cm}
\textcolor{white}{v4.2: 20-}20@1Gbps \& 2-4 @10Gbps
\scriptsize
\item Interfaces aligned with industry trends \& user needs\\
\tiny
USB C, mgmt RJ45 \& SFP, reset, 10MHz/1PPS in/out+Abscal out, LCD
\scriptsize
\item Redundant and hot-swappable fans, as well as industry-standard power supply
\item Fanless-ready
\item FPGA Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC ZU17 \\
GTH to front panel, GTY to expansion board
\item Extension board (holdover, 25Gbps)
\item Price-optimised for commercialisation
% \begin{itemize}\scriptsize
% \item Inputs from WR community
% \item Study on the features and mainboard of the WRS-4\\
% \item Negotation of a (very good) price for the recommended FPGA
% \item \textit{New WRS-4 Workshop} to gather feedback from the WR community
% \item Final HW specification of the WRS-4
% \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\column{.45\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{switch/wrs_v4_design-1.jpg}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{switch/wrs_v4_design-2.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Time \& frequency transfer}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{itemize}\small
\item Widely used/evaluated by Time Laboratories\\
\textcolor{white}{Evaluated by Deutsche Telekom}
\end{itemize}
\vspace{0.2cm}
\begin{table}
\scriptsize
\begin{tabular}{
| c | c | c | r | r l | } \hline
\textbf{Time Lab}& \textbf{Country} & \textbf{When}& \textbf{Length} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textbf{Time Error}}\\ \hline
VTT & Finland & 2016 & 950~km & $\pm$2~ns & \\ \cline{3-6}
MIKES & & 2018 & 50~km & $<$1~ns & \\ \hline
& & 2016 & 2x137~km & $\approx$8~ns &(2 sigma, normal dist.) \\ \cline{3-6}%
VSL & Netherlands & 2018 & 2x100~km & $<$1~ns & (rectangular dist.) \\ \cline{3-6}
& & 2019 & 2x100~km & $<$100~ps & (rectangular dist.) \\ \hline
LNE- & & 2016 & 25~km & 150~ps & \\ \cline{3-6}
SYRTE & France & 2017 & 125~km & 2.5~ns & \\ \cline{4-6}
& & & 4x125~km & 2.5~ns & \\ \hline
NIST & USA & 2018 & $<$10~km & $<$200~ps & \\ \hline
NPL & UK & 2017 & 2x80~km & $<$1~ns & \\ \hline
INRIM & Italy & 2014 & 50~km & 800~ps & $\pm$56~ps \\ \cline{4-6}
& & & 70~km & 610~ps & $\pm$47~ps \\ \hline
SMD \& & Belgium to & 2019 & 260~km & $\pm$200~ps & (2 sigma, normal dist.) \\
ESTEC & Netherlands & & & & \\ \hline
% & 400~km & & \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}\vspace{-0.4cm}
% \begin{center}
%\scriptsize See more in [5] and [6]
% \end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Time \& frequency transfer}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{itemize}\small
\item Widely used/evaluated by Time Laboratories
\item Evaluated by Deutsche Telekom
\end{itemize}
\includegraphics<1>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/DT.png}\\\tiny
ISPCS keynote \textit{Highly Accurate Time Dissemination \& Network Synchronisation}, Helmut Imlau, Deutsche Telekom
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Time-based control - example application}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.65\textwidth}
\begin{itemize} \small
\item<1-> GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Germany
\item<2-> 1-5 ns accuracy and 10 ps precision
\item<3-> WR network at GSI:
\begin{itemize}\footnotesize
\item Current: 134 nodes \& 32 switches (operational since June 2018)
\item Final: 2000 WR nodes \& 300 switches in 5 layers
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\column{.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/gsi.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \subsection{Precise timestamping}
%\subsection{}
\begin{frame}{Precise timestamping}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.65\textwidth}
\textcolor{white}{dddd dsaf asd fasd fdsa fads f dsa fdsa f dsaf dsa fdsa f dsaf dsaf fds}
\begin{itemize} \small
\item<1-> Association of time with
\begin{itemize}\footnotesize
\item an event
\item a sample (measured value)
\end{itemize}
\item<2-> The most widely used WR application
\begin{itemize}\footnotesize
\item<3-> Time-of-flight measurement
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item<4-> Speed of neutrinos - CNGS
\item<5-> Types of particles - ProtoDUNE
\end{itemize}
\item<6-> Cosmic ray and neutrino detection
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item<7-> Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory
\item<8-> Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope
\item<9-> Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy
\end{itemize}
\item<10-> German Stock Exchange
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\column{.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1-2>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/timestamping.jpg}
\includegraphics<4>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/cngs-timing-31.pdf}
\includegraphics<5>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/ProtoDUNE.png}
\includegraphics<7>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/lhaaso.pdf}
\includegraphics<8>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/KM3NeT.pdf}
\includegraphics<9>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/TAIGA-1.jpg}
\includegraphics<10>[width=1.0\textwidth]{applications/GermanStockExchange.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Trigger distribution - example applications}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.2cm}\small
LHC trigger distribution to measure beam instabilities - since 2016\\
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{applications/LIST.jpg}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\pause\small
WRTD (White Rabbit Trigger Distribution) to replace the trigger system in
the Open Analogue Signals Information System (OASIS)
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Fixed-latency data transfer- example application}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
BTrain: distribution of magnetic field in CERN synchrotrons
\end{center}
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.2cm}
\includegraphics<1>[height=0.6\textwidth]{applications/CERN/btrain-1.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Radio-frequency transfer - example application}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}\vspace{-0.2cm}
\includegraphics[height=0.4\textwidth]{applications/ESRF.jpg}
\includegraphics[height=0.4\textwidth]{applications/ESRF-pic.png}
\end{center}\small
\begin{itemize}\footnotesize
\item RF over WR at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item Complete WR-based beam-synchronous timing system in operation: \\$<$10 ps jitter
\end{itemize}
\item RF over WR at CERN
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item eRTM14/15 boards: $<$100 fs jitter and $<$10 ps accuracy
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\section[WR and Open Source]{White Rabbit and Open Source}
%\subsection{}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{The White Rabbit ecosystem 1/2}
\begin{block}{Individuals, companies and public institutions}
\begin{itemize}
\item Open Source provides level playing field.
\item ``Open Core'' business model with ever-expanding core.
\item Most contributions paid with public money are published under an
open-source licence. See \textcolor{cyan}{
\href{https://ohwr.org/project/ohr-meta/wikis/Documents/oshw-in-public-institutions}
{https://ohwr.org/project/ohr-meta/wikis/Documents/oshw-in-public-institutions}}.
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{The White Rabbit ecosystem 2/2}
\begin{block}{Challenges ahead}
\begin{itemize}
\item How to maintain a healthy ever-expanding open core? The issue with
patents.
\item How to manage the evolution of WR in a fair, transparent way?
\item How to make WR more sustainable, providing a template other FOSS and
OSHW projects can use?
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
Considering the creation of a White Rabbit Foundation
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588)}
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{.4\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[height=5cm]{protocol/ptp_exchange-enhanced.jpg}
\includegraphics<2->[height=4cm]{protocol/ptpNetwork.jpg}
\end{center}
\column{.75\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Frame-based synchronisation protocol
\item Simple calculations:
\begin{itemize}
\item link delay: $\delta_{ms} = \frac{(t_{4}-t_{1}) - (t_{3}-t_{2})}{2}$
\item offset from master: $OFM = t_{2} - (t_{1} + \delta_{ms})$
\end{itemize}
\item<2-> Hierarchical network
\item<3-> Shortcomings of traditional PTP:
\begin{itemize}
\item devices have free-running oscillators
\item frequency drift compensation traffic can compromise determinism of
other messages
\item assumes symmetry of medium
\item resolution of timestamps
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Layer 1 Syntonisation}
%\begin{block}{Common clock for the entire network}
\begin{itemize}\small
\item Clock is encoded in the Ethernet carrier and recovered by the receiver chip
\item All network devices use the same physical layer clock
\item Clock loopback allows phase detection to enhance precision of timestamps
% \item Phase detection allows sub-ns delay measurement
\end{itemize}
%\end{block}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[height=5cm]{misc/synce_v3.pdf}
% \includegraphics[height=4.5cm]<2>{p1588/1588-ha-L1vsPTP-simplified.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Digital Dual Mixer Time Difference (DDMTD)}
\begin{itemize}
\item Precise phase measurements in FPGA
\item WR parameters:
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item $clk_{in}~~~~~~~~=62.5$~MHz
\item $clk_{DDMTD}=62.496185$~MHz (N=14)
\item $clk_{out}~~~~~~=~~3.814$~kHz
\end{itemize}
\item Theoretical resolution of 0.977~ps
\end{itemize}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{misc/ddmtd_3.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}{SoftPLL}
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{protocol/dmpll_diagram-slides.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Link delay model}
\begin{columns}
\column{.65\textwidth}
\footnotesize
\begin{itemize}
\item <1->Correction of Round Trip Time (RTT) for asymmetries
\item <2->Asymmetry sources: FPGA, PCB, SFP electrics/optics, chromatic dispersion
\item <3->Link delay model:
\begin{itemize}\scriptsize
\item \textbf{Fixed delays} -- calibrated/measured
\item \textbf{Variable delays} -- evaluated online with:\vspace{0.1cm} $\alpha = \frac{\nu_g(\lambda_s)}{\nu_g(\lambda_m)} -1 = \frac{\delta_{ms} - \delta_{sm}}{\delta_{sm}}$
\end{itemize}
\item <4-> Accurate offset from master (OFM):\scriptsize \\\vspace{0.2cm}
% $RTT=(t_{4}-t_{1}) - (t_{3}-t_{2})$\\
$\delta_{ms}~ = \frac{1 + \alpha}{2 + \alpha} \, (RTT - \sum \Delta - \sum \epsilon)$\vspace{0.2cm}
$OFM = t_{2} - (t_{1} + \delta_{ms} + \Delta_{txm} + \Delta_{rxs} + \epsilon_S)$
\end{itemize}
\column{.5\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics<1>[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-1.jpg}
\includegraphics<2>[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-2.jpg}
\includegraphics<3->[width=1.0\textwidth]{protocol/link-delay-model-detailed-3.jpg}\\\pause\pause\pause
%\tiny See: \textit{WR Calibration} [9]
\end{center}
\end{columns}
% \pause\pause\pause\pause
% \scriptsize See: \textit{WR Calibration}, version 1.1, G.Daniluk
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\backupend
\end{document}
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